EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE BY PARTIALLY REPLACING FINE AGGREGATE WITH

QUARRY DUST AND CEMENT WITH GGBS

Under the guidance of

Sri P.S.S. Anjaneya Babu
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

G. Kali Vara Prasad (15481A0138)

G.M.C. Nagarjuna (15481A0144)
B. Ananth Sai Nag (15481A0111)
D. Raju (15481A0129)
D. Deva Nandini (15481A0126)
 ABSTRACT

Concrete is the most widely used material in the construction industry. The
cement required in the concrete leaves enormous carbon which shows an alarming
impact on the global environmental conditions. Hence, there is a requirement of some
material which can be effective in supporting cement when added along with it shows
similar characteristics. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is found to be one
such material which has similar characteristics when mixed with cement. GGBS is a by-
product of steel manufacturing industry which is disposed. Quarry dust is a waste from
the stone crushing unit. This quarry dust can be used as partially replacement for fine
aggregates in concrete.
The principle objective is to study the strength properties. Concrete cubes and
cylinders for M40 grade are prepared initially by replacing the sand with quarry dust by
increasing proportions as 10%, 20%, 30% and so on until an optimum is obtained. After
with the optimum percentage of fine aggregate, the cement is replaced with GGBS by
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. According to the results, the quarry dust increases the strength for
20% replacement of fine aggregate and GGBS with 15% replacement of cement.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Kankatala Jagadeep et aL., (2017) have studied the Effect of simultaneous

Replacement of Cement with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and
Sand with Quarry Dust. This study is mainly focused on the adaption of partial
replacement of materials in construction. Initially they replaced quarry dust at 10%
intervals starting from zero and GGBS is not replaced. After an optimum is obtained,
taking the optimum percentage of quarry dust, GGBS is replaced and an optimum
percentage for 7 and 28 days is determined.
They concluded that maximum compressive is obtained at 10%
replacement of cement with GGBS and 20% replacement of fine aggregate with
quarry dust.

Atul Dubey et aL., (2012) have focused the Effect of Blast Furnace Slag powder on
Compressive Strength of concrete. In this they have replaced cement with GGBS by
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and the compressive strength of concrete is tested.
They observed that, the optimum replacement of Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag Powder to cement without changing much the compressive strength is
15%.
G. Balamurugan, Dr. P. Perumal (2013) have presented the Use of Quarry Dust to
replace Sand in concrete – An Experimental Study. This experimental study presents
the variation of concrete when replacing sand by quarry dust from 0% to 100% in
steps of 10%. The compressive strength of concrete cubes at the age of 7 and 28 days
were obtained.
They clearly concluded that quarry dust can be utilised in concrete mixes as
a good substitute for natural river sand with higher strength at 50% replacement.

Yogendra O.Patil et aL., (2013) have studied GGBS as Partial Replacement of OPC
in Cement Concrete-An Experimental Study. This paper presents an experimental
study of compressive and flexural strength of concrete prepared with Ordinary
Portland Cement, partially replaced by ground granulated blast furnace slag in
different proportions varying from 0% to 40%.
They concluded that replacement of OPC by GGBS up to 20 % shows the
marginal reduction of 4~6% in compressive and flexural strength for 90 days

Mumthas M et aL., (2018) have presented the Experimental Investigation on Partial

Replacement of Sand by Quarry Dust in Concrete. M20 grade was prepared by
replacing sand with quarry dust by 0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,
100%.
They concluded that compressive strength of concrete increase up to 20%
replacement of quarry dust with natural sand and then decreases. Hence 20% of
replacement can be suggested as optimum
 INTRODUCTION
Quarry dust:
• Quarry dust is a by-product of the stone crushing process.

• Usage of quarry dust will reduce the cost of construction and the mining of
river bed will be reduced.

• Quarry dust is an alternative material for fine aggregate in concrete to

some extent or totally without compromising the quality of concrete.
Chemical composition of Fine aggregate and Quarry dust

Component Quarry dust % Fine aggregate %

SiO2 65.73 80.78

Al2O3 19.31 10.52
Fe2O3 5.27 1.75
CaO 3.64 3.21
MgO 2.16 0.77
Na2O Nil 1.37
K2O 2.26 1.23
TiO2 1.28 Nil
Loss of ignition 0.35 0.37
 GGBS:
• Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is the by product of
manufacturing of iron.

• GGBS reduces the risk of damages caused by alkali-silica reaction.

• GGBS generates lower heat than Ordinary Portland Cement.

• GGBS provides a smoother appearance.

Chemical composition of cement and GGBS

Component Cement(%) GGBS (%)

Silicon dioxide SiO2 20 33.1

Aluminium dioxide Al2O3 4.9 16.6

Ferric oxide Fe2O3 2.3 0.6

Calcium Oxide CaO 65 34.8

Magnesium Oxide MgO 3.1 8.0

Sodium Oxide Na2O 0.2 0.2

Potassium Oxide K2O 0.4 0.5

Loss of Ignition 1.2 0.3

 Material Tests
Properties of Cement- OPC 53 grade
Normal Consistency 32%
Fineness 95%
Initial Setting time 55 minutes
Final Setting time 420 minutes
Specific Gravity 3.14
Soundness 3mm

Properties of Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate:

Property Coarse aggregate Property Fine aggregate

Specific gravity 2.74 Specific gravity 2.66
Fineness modulus 7.42 Sieve analysis Zone II
Crushing value 21.67% Fineness modulus 2.29
Impact value 13.63% Water absorption 0.45 %
Water absorption 1.3 %
Properties of GGBS

S.No Test Result

Initial Setting time( at
1. 75 minutes
15% optimum GGBS)
2. Final setting time 430 minutes
3. Specific gravity 2.70
4. Fineness 96%

Properties of quarry dust

S.No Property Result

1. Specific gravity 2.57

2. Water absorption 1.2%

3. Sieve analysis Zone II

Trail Mix

Grade : M40
Grade of Cement : OPC 53 Grade
Nominal size of aggregate : 20mm
Slump : 75mm
Water-cement ratio : 0.4
Cement Content : 424 kg/m3
Fine aggregate content : 701.87 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate content : 1184.06 kg/m3
Water content : 169.6 litres

Mix Proportion:
Cement : Fine aggregate : Coarse aggregate
1 : 1.65 : 2.79
Percentage replacements:

Material Compressive strength Split Tensile strength

(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
Quarry dust % 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

Conventional mix 36.54 48.72 3.30 4.44

10 36.86 49.1 3.35 4.46
20 37.42 49.34 3.43 4.52
30 36.04 48.52 3.22 4.42

Material Compressive strength Split Tensile strength

(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
Quarry GGBS % 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
Dust %
20 5 36.24 48.74 3.42 4.46
20 10 36.56 48.8 3.47 4.48
20 15 37.04 49.54 3.56 4.53
20 20 36.16 47.86 3.4 4.40
Quarry dust replacement results
60
48.72 49.1 49.34 48.52

Compressive strength N/mm2

50

40 36.34 36.86 37.42 36.04

30

20

10

0
Quarry dust 0% Quarry dust 10% Quarry dust 20% Quarry dust 30%
Quarry dust replacements %

7 days 28 days

5
4.44 4.46 4.52
4.5
Split tensile strength N/mm2

4
3.3 3.35 3.43
3.5 3.22
3 2.8
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Quarry dust 0% Quarry dust 10% Quarry dust 20% Quarry dust 30%
Quarry dust Replacements %

7 days 28 days
GGBS replacement results
60

Compressive strength N/mm2

48.74 48.8 49.54 47.86
50

40 36.24 36.56 37.04 36.14

30

20

10

0
GGBS 5% GGBS 10% GGBS 15% GGBS 20%
GGBS replacements %

7 days 28 days

5 4.46 4.48 4.53 4.4

Split tensile strength N/mm2

4.5
4 3.47 3.56
3.42 3.4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
GGBS 5% GGBS 10% GGBS 15% GGBS 20%
GGBS replacements %

7 days 28 days
 Conclusion

The following conclusions are made after this experimental investigation

• The strength properties of concrete are increased by partial replacement of fine

aggregate with quarry dust and cement with GGBS.
• The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete increases when the
replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust is upto 20% by weight of fine
aggregate and further increase of quarry dust decreases the strength properties.
• The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete increases when the
replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag is upto 15% by
weight of cement and further increase of GGBS decreases the strength properties.
• Hence we suggested that partial replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust by
20% and cement with GGBS by 15% increases the compressive strength and split
tensile strength of concrete.
List of codes

• IS:456-2000: Design Specifications of Plain & Reinforced Concrete

• IS: 10262-2009: Recommended guidelines for Concrete Mix Design