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Muscular System

The muscular system consists of over 600 muscles throughout the body. Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that contract when stimulated by nerves. There are three main types of muscles: cardiac muscles in the heart, smooth muscles in internal organs, and skeletal muscles attached to bones. Skeletal muscles allow voluntary movement and provide posture, heat, and organ protection. They attach to bones via tendons, fascia, or at their origin and insertion points. Muscles contract and extend joints, rotate parts, and perform actions like adduction, flexion, and sphincter functions. Muscle tone, contractures, and myology (the study of muscles) are also discussed.

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Ajay Pal Natt
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148 views

Muscular System

The muscular system consists of over 600 muscles throughout the body. Muscles are made of bundles of fibers that contract when stimulated by nerves. There are three main types of muscles: cardiac muscles in the heart, smooth muscles in internal organs, and skeletal muscles attached to bones. Skeletal muscles allow voluntary movement and provide posture, heat, and organ protection. They attach to bones via tendons, fascia, or at their origin and insertion points. Muscles contract and extend joints, rotate parts, and perform actions like adduction, flexion, and sphincter functions. Muscle tone, contractures, and myology (the study of muscles) are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Ajay Pal Natt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Muscular System

Introduction
• 1. 600 muscles in the body
• 2. Muscles are ~ made of
bundles of muscle fibers
which are held together by
connective tissue.
• 3. When muscle fibers are
stimulated by nerves ~they
contract or become short and
thick.
• Voluntary ~ you can willfully
control muscles
*facial expressions,
chewing, swallowing, and
movement of the head
• Involuntary ~ function
without the person thinking
about contracting the
muscles.
*digestive system, heart
muscles, and blood vessels
**Some muscles are both
voluntary and involuntary ~
example eye blinking
THREE TYPES OF
MUSCLES
• 1. Cardiac muscles ~ cells
are packed so closely
together its hard to tell one
cell from another.
~forms walls of the heart
~contact to circulate blood
~involuntary
• 2. Visceral/Smooth muscles
~found in internal organs of the
body
*digestive, respiratory system,
blood vessels, and eyes.
~muscles contract to cause
movement in these areas
~involuntary function without
the person thinking about
contracting the muscle
• 3. Skeletal~ most abundant
muscle
~attached to bone
~causes body to move
~voluntary
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL
MUSCLES
• 1. Attaches to bones to
provide voluntary movement.
• 2. During contractions
provide heat and energy.
• 3. Helps maintain posture.
• 4. Some protect internal
organs.
SKELETAL MUSCLES
ATTACH TO BONES
IN
VARIOUS WAYS
• 1.Tendon ~ strong, tough
connective tissue cord, connect
muscle to bone
*Achilles Tendon (attaches
to calf muscle and heel bone)
*lumbodorsal
fascia (surrounds the deep
muscles of the back and trunk)
• 2. Fascia ~ tough, sheet-like
membrane that covers and
protects tissue
*lumbodorsal fascia
(surrounds the deep muscles
of the back and trunk)
• 3.Origin ~ When a muscle
attaches to the bone, the end
doesn’t move.
-usually attaches closer to
the trunk of the body
-where the muscle begins
• 4. Insertion ~ the end of the
muscle that attaches to a bone
that moves -
where the muscle ends
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
MUSCLE TISSUES
1. Contractability ~ ability to
shorten and thicken (when
muscles work they contract
that is they get shorter
and thicker)
• 2. Extensibility ~ ability to
stretch (when muscle is
relaxed it becomes longer
and thinner)
*some muscles work while
others relax *
• 3.Elasticity ~ ability to return
to original length
• 4. Irritability ~ability to
respond to stimulus
• 5. Tone ~ slight tension in
the muscles at all times, even
at rest
MOVEMENT
PERFORMED
BY
MUSCLES
• 1. Adduction ~ moving a
body part toward the midline
• 2. Abduction ~ moving a
body part away from the
midline
• 3.Flexion (Flexor) ~
decreasing the angle between
two bones and body part
• 4. Extension ( Extensor) ~
increasing the angle between
two bones and body part
• 5. Rotation ~a circular
motion which turns a body
part on its axis
• 6. Sphincters: ring like
muscles that close body
openings
–example: rectum
• 7. Levators: lift a part of the
body
• 8. Depressors: lower a part of
the body

• 9. Supination: the act of


rotating the arm so the palm
of the hand is upward.
• 10. Pronation: the act of
rotating the arm so the palm
of the hand is turned
downward.
Terminology
• Muscle tone: muscles that
are partially contracted at all
times, even when they may
not be in use.
• Contracture: severe
tightening of a flexor muscle
that results in bending of a
joint.
• Myology: my/o = muscles
» ology = study of
– the study of muscles
MYOLOGY
The Study of Muscles
CHARTS

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