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Vertebrae

The document describes the anatomy and features of different types of vertebrae including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae. Key structures mentioned are the body, processes, foramina, facets and ribs attachments of the vertebrae. Differences between vertebrae at different levels and across species are also noted.

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Pernel Jose Alam Micubo
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60 views8 pages

Vertebrae

The document describes the anatomy and features of different types of vertebrae including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae. Key structures mentioned are the body, processes, foramina, facets and ribs attachments of the vertebrae. Differences between vertebrae at different levels and across species are also noted.

Uploaded by

Pernel Jose Alam Micubo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vertebrae

 body (corpus)
 extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave)
discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints !
 arch (arcus): 2x pediculus + lamina
 DORSAL! – orientation

 incisura cran. + caud.  foramen intervertebrale

(for. vertebrale laterale)


 processes (processus)
 proc. spinosus, transversus, articularis

 proc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessorius


cervical vertebrae

  mobility
 body very convex + concave
 articular surfaces very large

- proc. transv.  tuberculum dors. + ventr.


- for. transversarium? (cervical only)
cervical vertebrae, C1
 C1 – atlas, nodding movement
 body  massa lat., proc. transv.  wing (ala
atlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus 
tuberculum
 cran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitalis

 ventral: excavation: fossa alaris

 foramina (interspec. diff.)

for. alare  fossa alaris


for. vertebrale lat. (MED!)  canalis vertebralis
for. transversarium  perforates proc. transv.
cervical vertebrae

 C2 – axis, rotatory movement


 cran. projection: dens axis
 interspec. diff.: shape of dens
fac. articul. cran.
proc. spinosus

 C6 – tuberculum ventr. lamina ventralis


 C7 – caud: attachment of 1st rib, NO for. transv.
thoracic vertebrae

 attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.)


- on body: fovea costalis cran. + caud.
 head of rib
- on proc. transv.: fovea costalis proc. transv.
 tubercle of rib

 high proc. spinosus


 lumbar vertebrae: large proc. transversus
 interspec. diff.: direction of proc. transv.
proc. spinosus: ratio (high)

 sacral vertebrae: fused to form the sacrum


proc. transv.  ala ossis sacri
(facies auricularis – hip bone)
 interspec. diff.: position of wing, shape of bone,
direction of auricular surface,
fusion of procc. spinosi + articul.

 caudal vertebrae: reduction of processes


 ribs prox.:
- head (caput)  body of vertebrae
- neck (collum)
- tubercle (tuberculum)  proc. transversus
directed caudally!  R/L?
- sulcus muscularis (craniolat.: expand thorax
during respiration)
- sulcus costae (vessels + nerv: caudomed.,
protected)
 sternum
- cran.: manubrium

- body (corpus)

- caud.: proc. xiphoideus

interspec. diff.: shape


(Eq: crista ventralis sterni)

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