UPCAT REVIEW

Biology
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
1. What is the arrangement of the layers resulting from secondary
growth in woody dicot tissues are from the outside going in?

A. bark – vascular cambium – heartwood – sapwood

B. bark – vascular cambium – sapwood – heartwood
C. bark – sapwood – vascular cambium – heartwood
D. bark – heartwood – vascular cambium - sapwood
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
1. What is the arrangement of the layers resulting from secondary
growth in woody dicot tissues are from the outside going in?

A. bark – vascular cambium – heartwood – sapwood

B. bark – vascular cambium – sapwood – heartwood
C. bark – sapwood – vascular cambium – heartwood
D. bark – heartwood – vascular cambium - sapwood
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
2. The C4 photosynthetic pathway differs from the C3 one in that the
former involves an intermediate step before the Calvin-Benson
cycle. In this intermediate step, the formation of from the
reaction of CO2 and occurs in the .

A. phosphoglycerate; rubisco; mesophyll

B. phosphoglycerate; rubisco; bundle sheath
C. oxaloacetic acid; phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; mesophyll
D. phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; oxaloacetic acid; bundle sheath
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
2. The C4 photosynthetic pathway differs from the C3 one in that the
former involves an intermediate step before the Calvin-Benson
cycle. In this intermediate step, the formation of from the
reaction of CO2 and occurs in the .

A. phosphoglycerate; rubisco; mesophyll

B. phosphoglycerate; rubisco; bundle sheath
C. oxaloacetic acid; phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; mesophyll
D. phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase; oxaloacetic acid; bundle sheath
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
3. Which of the following are homologous?

A. the flipper of a porpoise and the arm of a man

B. the spines of a sea urchin and the spines of a porcupine
C. the legless state of an earthworm and the legless state of a caecilian
D. the water vascular system of a starfish and the blood vascular system of
a frog
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
3. Which of the following are homologous?

A. the flipper of a porpoise and the arm of a man

B. the spines of a sea urchin and the spines of a porcupine
C. the legless state of an earthworm and the legless state of a caecilian
D. the water vascular system of a starfish and the blood vascular system of
a frog
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
4. During blood clotting, a certain enzyme is activated and causes the
creation of sticky polypeptide fragments that form a tight mesh
across the wounded surface. What do you call the inactive form of
the said enzyme?

A. fibrin
B. thrombin
C. fibrinogen
D. prothrombin
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
4. During blood clotting, a certain enzyme is activated and causes the
creation of sticky polypeptide fragments that form a tight mesh
across the wounded surface. What do you call the inactive form of
the said enzyme?

A. fibrin
B. thrombin
C. fibrinogen
D. prothrombin
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
5. What factors (in terms of concentration in the blood) are the primary
stimuli which can increase breathing rate?

I. increased O2 IV. decreased O2

II. increased CO2 V. decreased CO2
III. increased H+ VI. decreased H+

A. I and III
B. II and III
C. IV and V
D. V and VI
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
5. What factors (in terms of concentration in the blood) are the primary
stimuli which can increase breathing rate?

I. increased O2 IV. decreased O2

II. increased CO2 V. decreased CO2
III. increased H+ VI. decreased H+

A. I and III
B. II and III
C. IV and V
D. V and VI
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
6. Which of the following is NOT a gonadotrophic hormone?

A. luteinizing hormone (LH)

B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D. All of the above are gonadotrophic.
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
6. Which of the following is NOT a gonadotrophic hormone?

A. luteinizing hormone (LH)

B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D. All of the above are gonadotrophic.
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
7. If parthenogenesis were possible in mammals, what would be the
MOST likely resulting offspring?

A. diploid male
B. haploid male
C. diploid female
D. haploid female
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
7. If parthenogenesis were possible in mammals, what would be the
MOST likely resulting offspring?

A. diploid male
B. haploid male
C. diploid female
D. haploid female
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
8. The sodium-potassium pump is the channel by which these two ions
are transported across the plasma membrane. Which of the
following CORRECTLY identifies the concentrations of these ions
relative to their surroundings for MOST animal cells during normal
conditions?

A. low internal Na+; low internal K+

B. high internal Na+; low internal K+
C. low internal Na+; high internal K+
D. high internal Na+; high internal K+
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
8. The sodium-potassium pump is the channel by which these two ions
are transported across the plasma membrane. Which of the
following CORRECTLY identifies the concentrations of these ions
relative to their surroundings for MOST animal cells during normal
conditions?

A. low internal Na+; low internal K+

B. high internal Na+; low internal K+
C. low internal Na+; high internal K+
D. high internal Na+; high internal K+
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
9. Other than respectively starting and ending the translation of an
RNA sequence into amino acid chains, what is the difference
between a start codon and a stop codon?

A. a start codon has thymine instead of uracil

B. there are three different start codons whereas there is only one stop
codon
C. a start codon also codes for an amino acid whereas a stop codon
does not
D. a start codon starts with a uracil base followed by adenine, whereas a
stop codon starts with an adenine base
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
9. Other than respectively starting and ending the translation of an
RNA sequence into amino acid chains, what is the difference
between a start codon and a stop codon?

A. a start codon has thymine instead of uracil

B. there are three different start codons whereas there is only one stop
codon
C. a start codon also codes for an amino acid whereas a stop codon
does not
D. a start codon starts with a uracil base followed by adenine, whereas a
stop codon starts with an adenine base
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
10. In meiosis, where are paired homologous chromosomes attached?

A. asters
B. chiasmata
C. centromeres
D. kinetochores
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
10. In meiosis, where are paired homologous chromosomes attached?

A. asters
B. chiasmata
C. centromeres
D. kinetochores
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
11. Ingestion of bacteria by WBC’s is an example of what?

A. osmosis
B. exocytosis
C. pinocytosis
D. phagocytosis
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
11. Ingestion of bacteria by WBC’s is an example of what?

A. osmosis
B. exocytosis
C. pinocytosis
D. phagocytosis
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
12. Phospohorylation of glucose yields glucose-6-phosphate. What else
results from this process?

A. ATP
B. ADP
C. NAD+
D. NADH
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
12. Phospohorylation of glucose yields glucose-6-phosphate. What else
results from this process?

A. ATP
B. ADP
C. NAD+
D. NADH
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
13. Evolution occurs mainly in what level of biological organization?

A. ecosystem
B. population
C. community
D. individual organism
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
13. Evolution occurs mainly in what level of biological organization?

A. ecosystem
B. population
C. community
D. individual organism
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
14. The chloroplast’s outer and inner membranes, which lie side by side,
enclose a space filled with a watery solution. What is this space and
the semiliquid substance called?

A. stroma
B. matrix
C. granum
D. thylakoid
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
14. The chloroplast’s outer and inner membranes, which lie side by side,
enclose a space filled with a watery solution. What is this space and
the semiliquid substance called?

A. stroma
B. matrix
C. granum
D. thylakoid
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
15. Which of the following is NOT a meristem?

A. protoderm
B. endodermis
C. cork cambium
D. vascular cambium
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
15. Which of the following is NOT a meristem?

A. protoderm
B. endodermis
C. cork cambium
D. vascular cambium
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
16. In some plant species, the accumulation of H+ ions outside the guard
cells happens when?

A. the guard cells are turgid and the stoma is open

B. the guard cells are flaccid and the stoma is open
C. the guard cells are turgid and the stoma is closed
D. the guard cells are flaccid and the stoma is closed
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
16. In some plant species, the accumulation of H+ ions outside the guard
cells happens when?

A. the guard cells are turgid and the stoma is open

B. the guard cells are flaccid and the stoma is open
C. the guard cells are turgid and the stoma is closed
D. the guard cells are flaccid and the stoma is closed
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
17. What causes water to be MOST effectively transported upwards
through the xylem?

A. diffusion
B. cavitation
C. water potential
D. capillary action
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
17. What causes water to be MOST effectively transported upwards
through the xylem?

A. diffusion
B. cavitation
C. water potential
D. capillary action
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
18. During which part of the cell cycle are proteins synthesized?

A. S phase
B. M phase
C. G1 phase
D. G2 phase
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
18. During which part of the cell cycle are proteins synthesized?

A. S phase
B. M phase
C. G1 phase
D. G2 phase
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
19. Manggy eats a piece of chocolate cake. Consumption of the
chocolate cake results in the breakdown of its complex molecules
inside Manggy’s body. What is the CORRECT order of the following
resultant molecules as the cake is broken down?
I. CO2 III. glucose
II. pyruvate IV. acetyl-CoA

A. II-III-IV-I
B. III-II-IV-I
C. III-IV-II-I
D. IV-III-II-I
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
19. Manggy eats a piece of chocolate cake. Consumption of the
chocolate cake results in the breakdown of its complex molecules
inside Manggy’s body. What is the CORRECT order of the following
resultant molecules as the cake is broken down?
I. CO2 III. glucose
II. pyruvate IV. acetyl-CoA

A. II-III-IV-I
B. III-II-IV-I
C. III-IV-II-I
D. IV-III-II-I
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
20. What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A. urethra
B. epididymis
C. vas deferens
D. seminiferous tubule
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
20. What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A. urethra
B. epididymis
C. vas deferens
D. seminiferous tubule
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
21. An immunoglobulin is also called a/an .

A. T-cell
B. B-cell
C. antigen molecule
D. antibody molecule
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
21. An immunoglobulin is also called a/an .

A. T-cell
B. B-cell
C. antigen molecule
D. antibody molecule
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
22. Which biome has the HIGHEST productivity of all ecosystems and
shows a high diversity of species present?

A. taiga
B. tundra
C. tropical rainforest
D. temperate deciduous forest
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
22. Which biome has the HIGHEST productivity of all ecosystems and
shows a high diversity of species present?

A. taiga
B. tundra
C. tropical rainforest
D. temperate deciduous forest
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
23. What do you call the acquisition of the same or similar characters in
two or more related lineages without these characters being present
in a common ancestor?

A. macroevolution
B. parallel evolution
C. divergent evolution
D. convergent evolution
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
23. What do you call the acquisition of the same or similar characters in
two or more related lineages without these characters being present
in a common ancestor?

A. macroevolution
B. parallel evolution
C. divergent evolution
D. convergent evolution
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
24. Which of the following hormones promote cell division?
I. auxin II. cytokinin III. gibberellin

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. none of the above
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
24. Which of the following hormones promote cell division?
I. auxin II. cytokinin III. gibberellin

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. none of the above
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
25. Which of the following indicates the CORRECT sequence in a reflex
arc/spinal reflex?

A. receptor  sensory neuron  dorsal root  interneuron  ventral root

 motor neuron  effector
B. receptor  sensory neuron  ventral root  interneuron  dorsal root
 motor neuron  effector
C. receptor  ventral root  sensory neuron  interneuron  motor
neuron  dorsal root  effector
D. receptor  dorsal root  sensory neuron  interneuron  motor
neuron  ventral root  effector
 UPCAT REVIEW - BIOLOGY
25. Which of the following indicates the CORRECT sequence in a reflex
arc/spinal reflex?

A. receptor  sensory neuron  dorsal root  interneuron  ventral root

 motor neuron  effector
B. receptor  sensory neuron  ventral root  interneuron  dorsal root
 motor neuron  effector
C. receptor  ventral root  sensory neuron  interneuron  motor
neuron  dorsal root  effector
D. receptor  dorsal root  sensory neuron  interneuron  motor
neuron  ventral root  effector