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Retaining Walls Lecture

Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

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Wan Sya
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913 views

Retaining Walls Lecture

Retaining walls are constructed to resist pressure from liquids, soil, or other materials placed behind it. There are several types of retaining walls including mass, cantilever, counterfort, and precast walls. Proper drainage is important to prevent water buildup from increasing pressure on the wall. Key design principles ensure the wall does not overturn, slide, or overload the soil or materials.

Uploaded by

Wan Sya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Retaining Walls
÷ Walls built to resist the pressure of liquids,
earth filling, sand or other granular materials
filled behind it after it is built.
÷ commonly required in the construction of hill
roads, dams, abutments and wing walls of
bridges.
÷ Wall may be constructed of dry stone
masonry, stone masonry,brick or concrete,
depending on the type of material to be
retained, site conditions and height of wall.
àesign Principles
÷ Basically concerned with the lateral pressure of the retained
soil and any subsoil water.

÷ àesigned to ensure that


÷ Overturning does not occur
÷ Sliding does not occur
÷ Soil on which wall rests is not overloaded
÷ Materials used in construction is not overloaded.
˜actors that can cause the collapse of retaining
walls:

ï Presence of water at rear of retaining wall which adds to the


pressure exerted by soil.
ï Soil on which wall rests is overloaded
ï Materials used in construction are overloaded.
ï Unsuitability of design of retaining wall

Preventive measures that can be done:

ï Water at rear of retaining wall need to be removed efficiently.


ï Proper design of retaining wall is important so as to ensure
soil and materials used are not overloaded
ï Avoid any earthworks done on site where earth is retained.
Mypes Of Retaining Walls

÷ Mass Retaining Wall


÷ Cantilever Retaining Wall
÷ Large toe
÷ Large heel
ï Counterfort Retaining Wall
ï Precast Retaining Wall
°.Mass Retaining Wall

÷ Sometimes called gravity retaining wall


÷ Economic to height of °.8 m
÷ Can be constructed of semi engineering bricks or
mass concrete
÷ Natural stone suitable for height up to ° m high but
generally used as facing materials for walls ° m high
and above
àiagram of Mass Retaining Wall
þ. Cantilever Retaining Wall
÷ þ forms ±
ï Large heel - offers better resistance to overturning as
base is projecting partly in front and partly behind the
wall.
ï large toe - design is adopted when it is not possible to
excavate behind wall.
÷ Usually of reinforced concrete and works on the
principle of leverage
÷ Has economic height range of °.þ m to 6 m
àiagram of Cantilever Retaining Wall
÷ 
  ÷ 

Ä. Counterfort Retaining Wall (also known as Buttress
Retaining Wall)

÷ Can be constructed of reinforced and prestressed


concrete
÷ Suitable for walls of height over 4.5 m
÷ Counterforts are triangular beams placed at suitable
centres behind the stem and above the base
÷ Mermed as a  if the counterforts are placed in
front exposed to view
àiagram of Counterfort Retaining Wall.
4. Precast Retaining Wall
÷ Manufactured from high grade precast concrete
÷ Erected as permanent retaining wall or free standing
to act as dividing wall
÷ Advantages
ï Reduction in construction time since curing
period is eliminated
ï Costly formwork can be eliminated
ï Mime required to erect and dismantle formwork
can be eliminated
àiagram of Precast Retaining Wall
°. Anda-Crib precast retaining wall
þ. Marley precast retaining wall
wmportance Of àrainage At Retaining Wall
÷ Necessary since water will
cause pressure at rear of wall
÷ Water will reduce strength of
soil
÷ Water will reduce frictional
force between base and soil
thus reduces strength of wall
÷ Mhere are þ methods of
drainage
ï subsoil drain behind wall
ï Weep holes in wall and
drainage channel at front
of wall
àrainage At Retaining Wall
àrainage At Retaining Wall

WEEP HOLES

WEEP HOLES
àRAwNAGE CHANNEL
M 

  

 





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