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Acceleration

Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity per unit of time. It is a vector quantity. An object is accelerating if its velocity is changing. Examples of calculating average and instantaneous acceleration are provided from scenarios involving changes in speed over time intervals for objects like helicopters, automobiles, and dragsters. Formulas for average velocity, average acceleration, and their calculations are also outlined. An activity is described that involves calculating the average velocity and speed of a trekker and vehicle based on their directional movements over periods of time.

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Rhondale Sobremonte
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453 views

Acceleration

Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity per unit of time. It is a vector quantity. An object is accelerating if its velocity is changing. Examples of calculating average and instantaneous acceleration are provided from scenarios involving changes in speed over time intervals for objects like helicopters, automobiles, and dragsters. Formulas for average velocity, average acceleration, and their calculations are also outlined. An activity is described that involves calculating the average velocity and speed of a trekker and vehicle based on their directional movements over periods of time.

Uploaded by

Rhondale Sobremonte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Speed is the distance traveled

per unit of time (a scalar


quantity).
• Velocity is the displacement
per unit of time. (A vector
quantity.)
ACCE L E R A TIO N
Definition of Acceleration

 An acceleration is the change in


velocity per unit of time. (A vector
quantity.)
 An object is accelerating if it is
changing its velocity.
EXAMPLES:
• A skater increases the velocity
from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in
3.0 seconds. What is the
skater’s acceleration?
• A car accelerate at rate of 3.0
m/s². If its original speed is 8.0
m/s, how many seconds will it
take the car to reach a final speed
of 25.0 m/s?
• A ball climbs up the hill
with an initial velocity of
4.0 m/s and rolls down the
hill at 6.0 m/s in 5 seconds.
Determine the following:
a. Acceleration
b. Displacement
Average and Instantaneous a
Dv v2  v1 Dv
aavg   ainst  (Dt  0)
Dt t2  t1 Dt

slope
v2
Dv
Dv
v1
Dt
Dt

t1 t2 time
Definitions
Average velocity:
Dx x2  x1
vavg  
Dt t2  t1
Average acceleration:
Dv v2  v1
aavg  
Dt t2  t1
EXAMPLES:
• A helicopter’s speed increases
from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5
seconds. What is the
acceleration of this helicopter?
• While traveling along a highway
a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15
m/s in 12 seconds. What is the
automobile’s acceleration?
• A parachute on a racing
dragster opens and
changes the speed of the
car from 85 m/s to 45
m/s in a period of 4.5
seconds. What is the
acceleration of the
dragster?
ACTIVITY:
1. A trekker walks 5.0 km North [N]
and then 8.0 km South [S] for 3.0
hours. Determine the trekker’s:
a. Average velocity
b. Average speed
2. A car’s velocity is at 100 km/ h
going North [N] for 1.0 hour. The
car continues to move for another
2.0 hours at 82 km/ h South [S].
Determine the car’s:
a. total displacement
b. moving average velocity
c. total distance covered
d. moving average speed

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