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Cohesion and Coherence

The document discusses basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing using a pattern, and making paragraphs coherent through sentence-level control and transitions between ideas.

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abingv
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113 views

Cohesion and Coherence

The document discusses basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing using a pattern, and making paragraphs coherent through sentence-level control and transitions between ideas.

Uploaded by

abingv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

COHESION AND

COHERENCE

Basic Principles for Good Paragraphs


Prepared by: A.J. Vilches
WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS

¤ Cohesion
¤ Connectivity of the ideas in the
text
¤ Coherence
¤ Systematic and logical flow of
ideas so that the text is easy to
read and understand
WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS

¤ Paragraph
¤ A sentence or a group of
sentences set off as a unit
¤ All sentences in a paragraph
are related to one single main
idea
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

① Focus on a main idea


¤ Main idea – what the
paragraph is about
¤ May be stated, or implied
¤ Mostly found in the topic
sentence
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❷ Use specific details


¤ All other sentences in the
paragraph should relate to and
contribute to the main idea
¤ Details should explain the writer’s
ideas and hold the reader’s
interest
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

③ Develop using a pattern


¤ Depends on: (a) Purpose and
(b) Target Audience
 When oil is smoking hot, add garlic, ginger, scallions, crabs, and the rest of the
ingredients.
 Peak your heart health with Kirkland Fish Oil and Vitamin E.
 There is a savage killing, but the identity of both victim and killer is a riddle—one of
many which combine to create an elegant and dreamlike masterpiece.
 These are made with key nutrients to support the body’s overall good health.
 Serve with hot rice.
 Kafka Tamura runs away from home at 15, under the shadow of his father’s dark
prophecy.
 In a large pan, heat oil on high heat.
 Exclusively distributed by Costco Wholesale.
 As their parallel odysseys unravel, cats converse with people and fish tumble from the
sky.
 Kirkland signature supplements can be important in today’s fast-paced world.
 The ageing Nakata, tracker of lost cats, who never recovered from a bizarre childhood
affliction, finds his pleasantly simplified life suddenly turned upside down.
 Cook until crabs are cooked through.
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

③ Develop using a pattern


¤ Seatwork (p.4): Paragraph 1
In a large pan, heat oil on high heat. When oil is
smoking hot, add garlic, ginger, scallions, crabs and
the rest of the ingredients. Cook until crabs are .
cooked through. Serve with hot rice.
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

③ Develop using a pattern


¤ Seatwork (p.4): Paragraph 2
Peak your heart health with Kirkland Fish Oil and
Vitamin E. Kirkland signature supplements can be
important in today’s fast-paced world. These are made
with key ingredients to support the body’s overall good
health. Exclusively distributed by Costco Wholesale.
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

③ Develop using a pattern


¤ Seatwork (p.4): Paragraph 3
There is a savage killing, but the identity of both victim
and killer is a riddle—one of many which combine to
create an elegant and dreamlike masterpiece. The
ageing Nakata, tracker of lost cats, who never recovered
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

③ Develop using a pattern


¤ Seatwork (p.4): Paragraph 3
from a bizarre childhood affliction, finds his pleasantly
simplified life suddenly turned upside down. Kafka
Tamura runs away from home at fifteen, under the
shadow of his father’s dark prophecy. As their parallel
odysseys unravel, cats converse with people and fish
tumble from the sky
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❹ Make paragraphs coherent


¤ “Cohere” = stick together
¤ “Flow” details of the paragraph
fit together in a way that is clear to
the reader
¤ Depends on: (a) Pattern of
Development and (b) Sentence-
Level Control
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❹ Make paragraphs coherent


¤ Sentence-Level Control includes:
¤ Maintaining consistency of tone,
register, and point of view
¤ Providing transitions
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❹ Make paragraphs coherent


¤ Transitions specify:
¤ Sequence
¤ Time
¤ Comparison
¤ Contrast
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❹ Make paragraphs coherent


¤ Transitions specify:
¤ Examples
¤ Cause and Effect
¤ Place
¤ Concession
¤ Summary, Repetition, Conclusion
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

❹ Make paragraphs coherent


¤ Sentence-Level Control
includes:
¤ Repeating key words or
phrases
¤ Using parallel sentences

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