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Writing Binary Ionic Formulas

The document provides instructions for writing binary ionic formulas. It explains that ionic compounds contain positive metal ions and negative nonmetal ions, and that the formulas are written so the sum of the ion charges equals zero. Examples are given of writing formulas using the criss-cross method to determine subscripts when the charges do not cancel out immediately. Rules for determining oxidation states of elements and common positive ions are also outlined.

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Ahl Medina Duna
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105 views

Writing Binary Ionic Formulas

The document provides instructions for writing binary ionic formulas. It explains that ionic compounds contain positive metal ions and negative nonmetal ions, and that the formulas are written so the sum of the ion charges equals zero. Examples are given of writing formulas using the criss-cross method to determine subscripts when the charges do not cancel out immediately. Rules for determining oxidation states of elements and common positive ions are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Ahl Medina Duna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Writing Binary Ionic

Formulas
Do Now: An atom of which element has the
greatest attraction for electrons in a
chemical bond?
A. As
B. Ga
C. Ge
D. Se
Empirical Formulas
= smallest whole-number ratio of
elements in compound

• Ionic compounds have empirical


formulas only
Identify the empirical formulas
• H2O Empirical – NOT ionic
• H2O2 Molecular – NOT ionic
• CaF2 Empirical, Ionic
• NaCl Empirical, Ionic
• CH4 Empirical – NOT ionic
• C2H6 Molecular – NOT ionic
• NiO Empirical, Ionic
• FeCl3 Empirical, Ionic
Formula Unit
= simplest ratio of ions in ionic compound

Examples:
• KBr is formula unit
– potassium ions & bromide ions are in a 1-to-1 ratio
• Al(NO3)3 is formula unit
– Aluminum & nitrate ions in 1-to-3 ration
Binary Ionic Compounds
• Composed of two different elements
–Positive monatomic metal ion
–Negative monatomic nonmetal ion

Note: A binary compound may contain more than


2 ions but only 2 kinds of ions like Al2O3
Oxidation Number or State
Na+1
• charge of monatomic ion
• has right superscript Ca+2 O-2

• Some elements form only 1 ion


Al+3 and Ag+1
• Some elements can form more than 1 ion
Fe+2 and Fe+3
Oxidation States
• Group 1 ions always +1
• Group 2 ions always +2
• MOST group 13 ions are +3
• Groups 14, 15, 16, and 17 have multiple
oxidation states
– both (+) and (-)
• Transition metals (Group B) can have
more than 1 oxidation state
– but are always (+)
Writing Formulas for
Binary Ionic Compounds
• first rule in writing formulas for ionic
compounds is

POSITIVE ION FIRST

But how do you get the subscripts?


start by writing formulas from the ions
• Compounds are electrically neutral

– Sum of all charges in compound


should be 0

– (+) and (-) charges must = each other


Equal but Opposite Charges
• Na+1 and Cl-1: NaCl +1 + (-1) = 0

• Mg+2 and O-2: MgO +2 + (-2) = 0

• Al+3 and P-3: AlP +3 + (-3) = 0

• Rule: write symbols, (+) FIRST!


Try a few formulas:
• Li+1 and I-1 LiI
• Ca+2 and O-2 CaO
• Al+3 and N-3 AlN
• K+1 and F-1 KF
• Ba+2 and S-2 BaS
Criss-Cross Method
• When the charges don’t cancel out
immediately:

• Mg+2 and Cl-1, CROSS and DROP!


(# only, forget signs!)
• Mg1Cl2 but if subscript is 1, forget it!

• MgCl2 means 1 Mg+2 and 2 Cl-1


Check the Math
• MgCl2 means 1 Mg+2 and 2 Cl-1

(1 x +2) + (2 x -1) = +2 + -2 = 0

• charges MUST add up to zero!


Try a few formulas:
• Ca+2 + Cl-1 CaCl2
• Na+1 + O-2 Na2O
• Cs+1 + S-2 Cs2S
• Al+3 + Cl-1 AlCl3
• Al+3 + Se-2 Al2Se3
• Mg+2 + F-1 MgF2
• K+1 + N-3 K3N
Of course, it gets more difficult
• Potassium (K) and Fluorine (F) KF
• Zinc (Zn) and Iodine (I) ZnI2
• Sodium (Na) and Oxygen (O) Na2O
• Magnesium (Mg) and Oxygen (O) MgO
• Aluminum (Al) and Oxygen (O) Al2O3
• Calcium (Ca) and Bromine (Br) CaBr2
• Cesium (Cs) and Iodine (I) CsI
• Silver (Ag) and Sulfur (S) Ag2S

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