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Class 4 Processing

The processor is the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system that controls all internal and external devices. It processes instructions and data by performing arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU consists of three main subsystems - the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers. The control unit coordinates the entire system and interprets instructions, while the ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations on data from registers, which are high-speed memory units that hold information for processing. Together, these components allow the processor to carry out all functions of the computer.

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Subrat Swain
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30 views

Class 4 Processing

The processor is the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system that controls all internal and external devices. It processes instructions and data by performing arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU consists of three main subsystems - the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers. The control unit coordinates the entire system and interprets instructions, while the ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations on data from registers, which are high-speed memory units that hold information for processing. Together, these components allow the processor to carry out all functions of the computer.

Uploaded by

Subrat Swain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MANAGERIAL COMPUTING

Processing
A process is an instance of a computer program that is
being sequentially executed
The procedure which transforms raw data into
information , is called processing
We need two components to accomplish this task
Processor and Memory
Processor
The term CPU(Central processing unit) refers to a
computer processor
A Central Processing Unit (CPU), or sometimes just
called processor, is a description of a class of logic
machines that can execute computer program
A processor usually consists of one or more specialised
chips , called microprocessors, which are silvers of silicon
or other material etched with many tiny electronic circuits.
A CPU is plugged into the computer’s motherboard
CPU is the brain of a computer
system.
All major calculation and
comparisions are done inside
CPU.
It is also responsible to activate
and control other units of
system.
A processor controls all internal and external devices ,
and perform arithmetic and logic operations.
A processor only works on binary data, 0 and 1
The speed of a computer system is defined by the
architecture of the processor being used.
Functions of a Processor
Carrying out arithmetic and logic functions
Controlling the use of main storage to store data and
instructions.
Controlling the sequence of operations
Controlling all the parts of the computer system
The central processing unit consists of three main
subsystems.
Control unit
Arithmetic logic unit
Registers
Registers
 These are special purpose , high speed temporary memory
units

 They hold various types of information such as data,


instructions, addresses, and the intermediate results of
calculations.

 Registers are known as CPU’s working memory


Data and instructions do not enter either the ALU or
the CU, instead the ALU works on the data held in the
registers along with the instructions on which it acts.

Instruction addresses are normally stored in


consecutive registers and are executed sequentially.

The number and sizes of registers vary from processor


to processor
Control unit
 The control unit is treated as heart of the CPU.
 It controls the I/O devices and transfer of data from the primary
storage
 The control unit of the CPU selects and interprets program
instructions and then sees that they are executed
 Control unit does not perform any actual processing of data
It acts as a central nervous system for other
components of the computer
It manages and coordinates the entire computer
system, including the input and output units
It obtains instruction from the program stored in the
main memory, interprets the instructions and issue
signals, which cause other units of the system to
execute it
Arithmetic logic unit
Arithmetic logic units carries out arithmetic and
logical operations on the data made available to it.
Actual execution of the instructions take place during
the data processing operation
When control unit encounters an instruction, which
involve an arithmetic operation or a logic operation it
passes control to the ALU.
Alu has special purpose register and the necessary
circuitry, to carry out all the arithmetic and logic
operations, which are included in the instructions
supported by the CPU.

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