Core Network Planning

Gb Interface Detailed Planning

1 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Agenda
• Gb interface introduction
• Gb review ( protocol stack / ntw layers )
• Gb in detail ( NSE / logical connections )
• Frame relay interface planning
• BSC dimensioning
• Frame relay dimensioning
• SGSN dimensioning
• Gb Detail planning ( e.g. Topology )
• Exercise 1: case study Nortel BSS – Nokia SGSN
• Exercise 2: detailed planning

2 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface

Gb interface
SGSN

BSC

F ra m e R e la y
PCU PAPU

BSS
GPRS

3 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface Review
G P R S In te r fa c e s

S M S -G M S C S ig n a llin g &
S M S -IW M S C D a ta T ra n s fe r

E C S ig n a llin g

D
M S C /V L R H LR
G d
G s
A G r G c

U m G b G n G i
M S B S S S G S N G G S N P D N T E

G n G p G f

S G S N
G G S N E IR

o th e r P L M N
4 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 Gb Interface Review
GPRS Protocol Stack / transmission plane

Um Gb Gn Gi

APP APP
USER
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
PAYLOAD
IP Relay IP
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP L2
LLC Relay LLC UDP UDP L1
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
MAC MAC NS NS LLC/SNAP LLC/SNAP
MAC MAC
GSM RF GSM RF L1 L1 L1 L1

MS Radio BSS G703 SGSN 100 Mbps GGSN

interface Frame Relay Ethernet

GPRS IP Backbone Internet

•SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol

The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the radio-related, QoS, and routing information that is required to transmit user data
between a BSS and an SGSN. A secondary function is to enable two physically distinct nodes, the SGSN and BSS, to operate node
management control function .
•BSSGP: Base Station System GPRS Protocol
•NS: Network Service
•SNAP: Subnetwork access protocol
5 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 Gb Interface Review
Network Layers
Intra-site Inter-site
Gb Gn Gn Gb

BSC
BSC
SGSN SGSN
GPRS IP
Backbone
Network
GPRS

TCP/IP

ATM & FR

Transport/SDH

7 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface Review
Gb Interface

Gb

BSC SGSN

Frame Relay
PCU PAPU
BSS GPRS

8 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface; planning issues

2 Mbps Channelised E1 link

NS-VC capacity: 16 kbps…1.92

Mbps
FR Bearer channel: 64 kbps… 1.92
Mbps

9 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface Review
Network Service Entity (NSE)

BVC 0 BVC 0
for DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier for
signalling (FR address) signalling
NS-VC FR Bearer Channel NS-VC
Physical Link (= PCM TSL)
Own BVC Own BVC
for NSE for
each cell NSE each cell
= (PCU)
NS-VC
NS-VC DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier NS-VC
(FR address)
Own BVC Own BVC
for Load Sharing FR Bearer Channel for
each cell each cell
Physical Link (= PCM TSL)

BVC = BSSGP Virtual Connection

BSSGP = Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol
SGSN NSE = Network Service Entity BSC
NS-VC = Network Service Virtual Connection
FR = Frame Relay

10 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

Id Unique in NSE
NS_VCI unique in SGSN
Gb Interface Review BSS 1

own BVC for each cell Logical Structure

Id Unique in bearer

SGSN Bearer Channel_1 LA

PAPU 1 DLCI_16 NSEI_1 PCU 1
NSEI_1 NS-VCI_7 BVCI_0
BVCI_0 NS-VCI_7 DLCI_17
NS-VCI_2 BVCI_3
BVCI_3 NS-VCI_2
Bearer Channel_2
DLCI_16 RA 1
DLCI_17
PCU 2 BTS_3
NSEI_2 NS-VCI_5 NS-VCI_5 NSEI_2
DLCI_18
BVCI_0 BTS_6
BVCI_0
NS-VCI_8
NS-VCI_8 Bearer Channel_3 BVCI_6
BVCI_6 DLCI_16 RA 2
NS-VCI_3
NS-VCI_3
DLCI_17 BTS_8

PCU 3 BTS_22
Bearer Channel_4
PAPU 2 NS-VCI_4 NSEI_3
DLCI_16 BVCI_8
NSEI_3 NS-VCI_4
BVCI_8 NS-VCI_1 BVCI_0

BVCI_0 NS-VCI_1 BVCI_22

NS-VCI_11
BVCI_22 NS-VCI_11
Bearer Channel_5
BSS 2
DLCI_16

DLCI_17
PAPU 3
NSEI_7
NS-VCI_6
PCU 3 LA
BVCI_0 Bearer Channel_6 NSEI_7
NS-VCI_6 BVCI_0 RA
BVCI_22 NS-VCI_9
BTS_22
NS-VCI_9 BVCI_22
BSSGP Data
NS Signal
FR Data & Signal

12 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface Review
Logical Channels in Physical Link

BVCs
NS-VCs, CIR=16…1.984 Mbit/s
FR bearer channels, 1…31 TSL

PCM Link 32 TSL

PCU

• FR bearer channels run on PCM links (64…1984 kbit/s)

• Max. 4 NS-VCs configured on FR bearers (CIR of each 16…1984 kbit/s)
•CIR doesn‘t stand in relation to subscriber datarate / cell
• Max. 4 NS-VCs per NSE (PCU), and 256 NS-VCs per PAPU

13 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Frame Relay Link Parameters - 1
• BVC
- 1 BVC (BVCI) for each CELL - unique within an NSE
- 1 BVC (BVCI) can be mapped into 2 NS-VC (load sharing)
- 1 or MORE BVCs (BVCI's) are mapped into 1 or more NS-VC
- 1 SIGNALING BVC per PCU, BVCI = 0000HEX
• NS-VC
- NS-VCI = DLCI and FR BEARER CHANNEL IDENTIFIER
- 1…4 NS-VCs per NSE (=PCU)
- up to 256 per PAPU
- 1 NS-VC supports several BVC
- capacity controlled by CIR in steps of 16 Kbps up to the BEARER
CHANNEL capacity
- NS-VCI is unique within a SGSN, identical on BOTH ENDS (end to end) ;
range 0…65535
• PCU
- 1 PCU = 1 NSE (NSEI)
- 1 PCU handles maximum 64 cells
14 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 Frame Relay Link Parameters - 2
• NSE
- NSEI is unique within a BSC, identical on BOTH ENDS (end to end) range 0…65535
- on BOTH ENDS are connected by 1 or MORE NS-VC
- within 1 NSE, NS-VCs are shared by all BVCs
• DLCI
- up to 124 DLCI on 1 BEARER CHANNEL - unique within 1 BEARER CHANNEL,
identical on BOTH SIDES
- range 16…991
• BEARER CHANNEL
- capacity from 64 to 1984 Kbps (1 to 31 TS of an E1) in multiples of 64Kbps
• PAPU
- supports up to 64 PCU per PAPU
• SGSN
- number of NS-VCs in SGSN = number of DLCI (up to 256 per PAPU)

15 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Inteface Planning
3 Sections of Gb Inteface Planning

• BSC Planning - defining the number of active

PCUs
• Frame Relay Link Planning
– Topology Planning
– Frame Relay Link Dimensioning
• SGSN Dimensioning - defining the number of
PAPU & SGSN equipments and extension
units

16 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Inteface Planning
Selecting the Protocol Overhead

Gb I/F Protocol Stack Percentage of Overhead in GPRS Traffic at the Gb Interface

Protocol Min Header size (oct.) Max Header size (oct.) Reference
SNDCP 3 4 GSM 04.65
LLC 5 40 GSM 04.64
BSSGP 12 54 GSM 08.18
NS 4 4 GSM 08.16
FR 6 6 GSM 03.60

Total 30 108 Packet size Min OH % Max OH %

50 60.00 216.00
60 50.00 180.00
100 30.00 108.00
150 20.00 72.00
200 15.00 54.00
256 11.72 42.19
300 10.00 36.00 300
400 7.50 27.00 216
512 5.86 21.09 250
750 4.00 14.40 180

1000 3.00 10.80 200 Ohmax

Overhead (%)
1250 2.40 8.64
1500 2.00 7.20 150
108

100 72
60.0 54
50.0 42
36
50 30.0 27
20.0 21 14
OHmi 15.0 11.7 11 9
10.0 7.5 5.9 7
n
0 4.0 3.0 2.4 2.0
100 150 200 256 300 400 512 750 1000 1250 1500
Packet length (octets)

17 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Inteface Planning
Selecting the Burst Margin
Throughput

EIR=0
Discarded
CIR data
Burst
Margin, 100
-X%

Actual traffic
load, X %

time

• Packet data traffic is bursty in nature

• Nokia PCU implements a Static Frame Relay
• Data above the CIR is discarded (EIR = 0)
• CIR calculation should include burst margin
18 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 BSC Dimensioning
Packet Control Unit - PCU
PSA20 PSA20
• All BSC's BCSU units must be fully PSFP PSFP

equipped with PCUs (max. 8+1 per

ET5C

ET5C
SW1C

ET5C
SW1C

CLAC
CLOC
3rd SW64B
BSC) cartridges
• GSWB expanded from 128 to 192

MCMU
MCMU

BCSU
BCSU
PCMs (if not already done)
• BSC2E/A: Extra ET5C Cartridges to

WDDC
WDDC
increase PCMs from 80 to 112

BCSU
BCSU
OMU
• PCU controls cells, not TRXs like
PCU HW

BCSU

BCSU

BCSU
BCSU  PCU does not handle the

ET5C

ET5C
in every BCSU
same TRXs as the BCSU where it is
located

BCSU
BCSU

ET5C

ET5C
ET5C
cartridges

19 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 BSC Dimensioning
Defining the active number of PCUs

• Dimensioning Criteria for the number of active PCUs:

1. Each BSC in GPRS coverage area has to contain at least
one active PCU (minimum requirement)
2. PCU can supports 256 TCHs
3. PCU Data processing capacity is 2 Mbit/s
4. PCU can support up to 64 cells
5. PCU can supports 128 TRX's

20 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 BSC Dimensioning
Simple Dimensioning Example (PCU)
• 3 BSC (with capacity of 128 TRXs )
• Coverage area contains 60 BTS sites, each having 2+2+2 cell/TRX configuration
• 4 TCHs/cell used by GPRS on average
Input

• Estimated GPRS traffic: 15 Mbit/s + 19% Overhead = 18.5 Mbit/s

• Packet size of 400 bytes assumed
Calculations

1. Minimum requirement: 3 BSC => 3 PCUs required (each for 128 TRX)
2. 60 x 3 cells = 180 cells, 180/64=2.8 => 3 PCUs required
3. 12 TCH/BTS x 60 BTS=720 TCH, 720/256 => 3 PCUs required
4. GPRS traffic: 18.5 Mbit/s / 2 Mbit/s = 9.3 =>10 PCUs required
Result

• Take the biggest of the results above,

I.e. 10 active PCUs required in total

21 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Frame Relay Link Planning
Link Dimensioning
• Frame Relay traffic is carried in logical 64
kbit/s PCM time slots.
• Each active PCU has its own separate Gb
interface connection, I.e. FR connection

• Capacity: n * 64 kbit/s, where n = 1…31.

• 64 kbit/s … 1.984 Mbit/s (E1 speed)

• At least one 64 kbit/s PCM TSL is required

per active PCU

22 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Frame Relay Link Planning
Link Dimensioning
• Dimensioning criteria for the number of 64kbit/s links:

1. At least two 64 kbit/s channels per BSC is recommended

(due to bursty nature of data)

2. At least one 64 kbit/s channel per active PCU

3. Dimensioning is based on estimated GPRS traffic during the

Busy Hour, + the estimated protocol overhead on the Gb
interface traffic + margin for bursting

23 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Link Dimensioning
Simple Dimensioning Example (Gb links)
• Total number of PCUs in 3 BSCs: 10 PCUs
• Estimated total GPRS traffic during the BH: 15 Mbit/s
Input

• Overhead correction: + 19%

• Packet size of 400 bytes assumed
• 15 Mbit/s * 19% = 18.5 Mbit/s
Calculations

1. Two 64 kbit/s links per PCU (10 * 2) => 20 links

2. GPRS traffic: 18.5 Mbit/s / 64 kbit/s = 289.1 => 290 links

• Take the bigger of the results above,

Result

I.e. 290 links (á 64 kbit/s) required in total

(equals to 10 E1 PCM links)
24 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 SGSN Dimensioning
DX 200 SGSN
SG A C SG BC
One fully equipped SGSN element has the
P D F U 0 P D F U 1 0 P D F U 0 P D F U 1 following design targets concerning
1 C L C L
connectivity:
C L
P A P U G S W G S W S M M U S M M U B U B U
S U
0 0 1 0 1 0 1
2 • 120 physical 2Mbps E1-PCMs
3
• PCMs are freely selectable between Gb-
S D S D
M C H U
0
M C H U
0
M C H U
1
M C H U
1
S M M U
2
S M M U
3
S M M U
4 interface and SS7 based interfaces (Gs, Gr, Gd,
4
Gf)
5
• 96 SS7 signalling links (24 per SMMU)
S D S D
O M U
0
O M U
0
O M U
1
O M U
1
P A P U
5
P A P U
6
P A P U
7
P A P U
8 • 1024 64kbps Frame Relay links for Gb-
6
interface use (64 in each PAPU)
7 • E.g 100 BSCs each having 8x64kbps Gb-
E T 0 E T 1 P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U
( 3 2 * E T 2 E /A ) ( 2 8 * E T 2 E /A ) 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 interface connection could be connected into
8
one SGSN
9 • 16 100-baseTX Ethernet connections for Gn-
P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U P A P U
1 2 3 4 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 interface use (one in each PAPU)
1 0
• Maximum of 16 000 Routing Areas, 2 000
Location Areas

25 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 SGSN Dimensioning
SGSN Configuration Levels
Capacities:
SGSN 12 Mbit/s
30 000 subscr.
256 Gb IF (64kbit/s)
Basic Unit 4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
24 Mbit/s
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU 60 000 subscr.
512 Gb IF (64kbit/s)
Extension 36 Mbit/s
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
Units 90 000 subscr.
768 Gb IF (64kbit/s)
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
48 Mbit/s
120 000 subscr.
1024 Gb IF (64kbit/s)

SGSN can be configured in four steps. The right configuration level for
each case is determined by the dimensioning rules.

27 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb Interface Dimensioning
Simple Dimensioning Example (Summary)

BSC SGS
N
4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
BSC

4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU

BSC

4 PAPUs, 1 SMMU
10 active PCUs
in 3 BSCs
290 links (64kibt/s)
in 10 E1 PCM links 1 Basic Unit &
2 Extension Units
in the SGSN

28 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb INTERFACE DETAILED PLANNING

29 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 GPRS Dimensioning Considerations

• FUTURE SCENARIOS
- Operator's short and long term plans concerning the
network expansions and evolution to new technologies
• CAPACITY DEMAND
- Subscriber volume
- GPRS traffic estimation
- GPRS coverage area
• EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
- Existing Transmission, Data Communication
backbone and GSM network infrastructures

30 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Topology and Dimensioning Requirements
• BSC Distribution
• PCU Distribution among MSC sites
• Network Topology
• Network Architecture
• Subscriber Distribution
• GPRS Traffic Distribution
• Overhead % Requirement
• Burst Margin
• Future Network Expansion

31 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 GPRS Coverage Planning

From the requirements stated on the previous

slide we can determine the following :

- GPRS coverage areas

- Topology and Capacity of the Frame relay links

in a GPRS service area

- GPRS network dimension per coverage areas

32 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 BSC & PCU Distribution Among MSC Sites
BSC Distribution Among MSC Sites
Num ber of BSCs in year
Subscriber Percentage of regional BSCs 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
1 City A 13.9% 89.4% 55 70 70 70 70
2 City B 1.7% 10.6% 6 8 8 8 8 REGIONS
3 City C 14.0% 75.3% 50 65 65 65 65 South
4 City D 4.6% 24.7% 17 21 21 21 21 East
5 City E 11.2% 40.3% 33 43 43 43 43 Mid
6 City F 8.0% 28.9% 24 31 31 31 31 South
7 City G 10.8% 74.4% 37 48 48 48 48 West
8 City H 8.6% 36.4% 33 42 42 42 42
9 City I 8.5% 30.8% 26 33 33 33 33
10 City J 9.6% 40.6% 37 47 47 47 47
11 City K 5.4% 23.0% 21 27 27 27 27
12 City L 3.7% 25.6% 13 16 16 16 16
Total 100.0% 352 451 451 451 451

PCU Distribution Among MSC Sites

Num ber of PCUs in year
Subscriber Percentage of regional PCUs 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
1 City A 13.9% 89.4% 110 140 140 140 140
2 City B 1.7% 10.6% 12 16 16 16 16
3 City C 14.0% 75.3% 100 130 130 130 130 REGIONS
4 City D 4.6% 24.7% 34 42 42 42 42 South
5 City E 11.2% 40.3% 10 12 12 13 13 East
6 City F 8.0% 28.9% 7 9 9 9 9 Mid
7 City G 10.8% 74.4% 74 96 96 96 96 South
8 City H 8.6% 36.4% 66 84 84 84 84 West
9 City I 8.5% 30.8% 7 10 10 10 10
10 City J 9.6% 40.6% 74 94 94 94 94
11 City K 5.4% 23.0% 42 54 54 54 54
12 City L 3.7% 25.6% 26 32 32 32 32
Total 100.0% 562 719 719 720 720

33 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 GPRS Service Areas
Coding Schemes Attached Subs 100%
CS1 9.05 Active Subs 50%
CS2 13.4 2 PDP Contexts 50%
CS3 15.6 1 PDP Context 50%
CS4 21.4 Mean PDP / sub 1.5
PDCH per cell 3
CS2 (Kbps) 13.4
SGSN area 1 City 1 thru per cell (Kbps) 40.2
SGSN area 2 Cities 2 and 3 traf_sub (KBytes BH) 50
SGSN area 3 Cities 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 Overhead 25%
SGSN area 4 Cities 9, 10, 11 and 12 thru_sub (Kbytes BH) 62.5
SGSN area 5 Cities 13 and 14 thru_sub (Kbps) 142.22
SGSN fill rate 70%

GPRS GPRS Traffic

SGSN Areas Subs Attached GPRS Subs Active GPRS Subs Active PDP Contexts (Mbps)
2001 AREA 1 19 500 19 500 9 750 14 625 1.39
2001 AREA 2 28 850 28 850 14 425 21 638 2.05
2001 AREA 3 33 750 33 750 16 875 25 313 2.40
2001 AREA 4 14 750 14 750 7 375 11 063 1.05
2001 AREA 5 19 250 19 250 9 625 14 438 1.37
2002 AREA 1 49 200 49 200 24 600 36 900 3.50
2002 AREA 2 52 440 52 440 26 220 39 330 3.73
2002 AREA 3 57 600 57 600 28 800 43 200 4.10
2002 AREA 4 49 800 49 800 24 900 37 350 3.54
2002 AREA 5 55 800 55 800 27 900 41 850 3.97

34 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 SGSN AREA CALCULATIONS
Init ial Dimensioning Figures GPRS Active Active PDP
Number of Min. No. of PDCH subscribers Contexts
Covered Regions Number of Cells
Subscribers (during BHT) 2001 9'750 14'625
SGSN area 1 19 500 1 115 3 345 2002 24'600 36'900
City 1
Nokia BSC's 18
Nokia BCSU's 162
Radio Net work Est imat es
Min. No. of PDCH Non- Nokia PCU 0
Covered Regions Number of Cells
(during BHT) Non- Nokia Gb Interface 0
SGSN area 1 1 115 3 345
City 1 Total Gb Interfaces 80

GPRS Traffic (Mbps)

2001 1.39
2002 3.50

GPRS Attached Subscribers

CALCULATION RESULTS
2001 19 500
2001 2002
2002 49 200
PCU (Active) 18
PCU (Hardware) 162
Gb Interface Functionality 22 57
SGSN 1
PAPU (Active) 4 10
PAPU (Hardware) 4 12

SMMU 1 3

35 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Ater TIMESLOT ALLOCATION
Bits
TS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
00 TS 0
01
02
LAPD

4
1
5
2
6
3
7
Ater Time Slot Allocation
03 8 9 10 11

•Existing E1 lines are utilized for

04 12 13 14 15 Channels of
05 16 17 18 19 ET2E 0,
06 20 21 22 23 interface 1
07
08
24
28
25
29
26
30
27
31 Frame Relay traffic
09 - 1 2 3
10 4 5 6 7
11
12
8
12
9
13
10
14
11
15 Channels of
•Voice Traffic and Frame Relay
Traffic combined
13 16 17 18 19 ET2E 1,
14 20 21 22 23 interface 0
15 24 25 26 27
16 28 29 30 31
17
18
19
-
4
8
1
5
9
2
6
10
3
7
11 Channels of
•Throughgoing 64Kbps TS for
20
21
12
16
13
17
14
18
15
19
ET2E 1,
interface 1
Frame Relay traffic
22 20 21 22 23
23 24 25 26 27
24 28 29 30 31
25 64 kbit/s
26 64 kbit/s
27 64 kbit/s Channels of
28 64 kbit/s ET2E 2,
29 64 kbit/s interface 0
30 64 kbit/s
31 64 kbit/s

TSs 25-31 can carry Frame Relay traffic (to the Gb interface).

36 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 DEDICATED PCM SIGNAL

•Time Slot allocation of a dedicated E1 signal for

carrying the Gb / Frame Relay traffic to the SGSN.

37 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 DN2 DXC EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW
1 - Cross-connection Node
- 2 Mbit/s
- 64 kbits DN 2
- nx8 kbit/s
- up to 40 2 Mbit/s interfaces (G.703) 2 Mbit/s

2 - Drop-and-Insert equipment (“in-built” 2 Mbit/s

DB 2)

3 - Primary Multiplexing Equipment (“in-

built” DM 2)
CH CH D D

Three cartridge sizes:

20 T (four units)
40 T (eight units)
19” Subrack (sixteen units)
40-port DN 2 uses two subracks and
interconnecting cables

38 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 1

BSC MSC/SGSN site

Abis
Transcoders MSC

MUX MUX Ater

E1 PCM (Ater + Frame Relay)

BSC
Abis SGSN
Ethernet Switch
GGSN #1
GGSN #2
Frame
Relay Gb-int.

BSC
Abis

•Voice and Data Traffic are multiplexed on the same physical

connection as used for the GSM traffic on the Ater interface

39 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 2

BSC MSC/SGSN site

Abis
Transcoders MSC
MUX MUX Ater

Dedicated E1/ PCM for

Frame Relay traffic
BSC
Abis SGSN
Ethernet Switch
E1 PCM for Ater traffic
GGSN #1
GGSN #2
Frame
Relay Gb-int.

BSC
Abis

•Voice and Data Traffic are allocated on separate E1 / PCM signal

40 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 3
MSC/SGSN Site 1
Transcoders MSC

SGSN 1 SERVICE AREA Ater

BSC SGSN
Ethernet Switch
Abis
GGSN #1
Frame GGSN #2
MUX MUX Relay Gb-int.

Dedicated E1/ PCM for

BSC Frame Relay traffic
Abis

E1 PCM for Ater traffic

MSC/SGSN Site 2

BSC Transcoders MSC

Abis Ater

SGSN 2 SERVICE AREA

SGSN
Ethernet Switch
GGSN #1
Frame GGSN #2
Relay Gb-int.

•Voice and Data Traffic are allocated on different E1s

41 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 4
MSC/SGSN Site 1

Transcoders MSC
MUX
Ater
SGSN 1 SERVICE AREA

BSC E1/PCM for FR SGSN

Abis Ethernet Switch
GGSN #1
Ater
ADM Frame GGSN #2
Relay Gb-int.
TRANSPORT
ADM NETWORK
BSC E1/PCM for FR
Abis
Ater

MSC/SGSN Site 2
ADM
BSC E1/PCM for FR Transcoders MSC
Abis MUX
Ater Ater
SGSN 2 SERVICE AREA

SGSN Ethernet Switch

GGSN #1
Frame GGSN #2
Relay Gb-int.

• For large capacity networks such as SDH networks

• Separate E1s for Ater and Frame Relay traffic
42 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY - 5

MSC/SGSN site
BSC
Abis Transcoders MSC

BSC

BSC
SGSN
Ethernet Switch

Packet Data Network GGSN #1

(FR, ATM, etc.) GGSN #2
FR Switch
FR Switch

Gb Interface

• GPRS traffic is concentrated and carried e.g. in a packet data network

over the Gb interface
43 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 EXAMPLE BSC / PCU CONFIGURATION

44 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 EXAMPLE SGSN/PAPU Configuration

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 Nortel BSS - Nokia SGSN

Exercise 1 - Case Study

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 Tasks for Exercise
• Make a draft of 2 BSCs connected to Nortel PCU
• Nortel PCU interfaces Nokia SGSN
• You can assume 10 timeslots of traffic in E1 frame per BSC
(10 x 64kbps)
• Allocate bearer channels, NS-VCs, DLCIs, SGSN, PAPUs
• Show some redundancy options

47 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Background to Encountered Problems
Frame Relay over E1 must be used
• Timeslots reserved for FR bearer channels are specified in SGSN
• Nokia assumes that channelised FR is supported by Nortel PCU, as it is a
standard FR feature and normally supported by Nortel Passport.

Nortel BSS - Nokia SGSN interoperability tests not complete enough

• Tests were carried out with one NSE/bearer channel so the full capability of
Nokia SGSN was not tested

Nokia SGSN supports several NSEs per bearer channel

• Blu in Italy, upto 5 NSEs/bearer channel
• Depending in the FR capabilities of the PCU in question, Nokia may deploy
different FR solutions

48 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Solution
Nokia and Nortel together implement the technical solutions
proposed in the following slides in the Dutchtone network
• Both vendors will document the test results for Dutchtone and for
their own interoperability documentation

Nokia proposes to take an action point to

• Carry out the interoperability test with Nortel in the Dutchtone
network
• Fully document the SGSN Frame Relay capabilities
• Changes to SGSN software or Change Deliveries would not de-
activate the solution in future

49 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

50 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 2 BSCs terminated into same PAPU
NORTEL PCU SGSN

BSC 1 PAPU_1
NSE1 NSE2
BSC 1
NSVC_1 NSVC_2

NSE1
NS-VC1
BEARER CH. 1

DLCI_16
CIR n x64 kbps
E1 E1
BSC 2
DLCI_17
CIR (31 - n) x64 kbps
BSC 2 NSE2
NS-VC2

Remarks:
• A Bearer channel can be associated to several NSEs, channel rate n x 64 Kbps
• Bearer channel minimum rate = 64 Kbps
• EIR set to null
• Maximum 50 NS-VCs/bearer channel
• If NS-VCs are terminated into same PAPU, they can be carried over same bearer channels

51 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 2 BSCs terminated into different PAPUs
NORTEL PCU SGSN

BSC 1 PAPU_1

BSC 1 NSE1
NSE1 IF 50% of E1 per BSC, NSVC_1
NS-VC1 FULL E1 REQUIRED

BEARER CH. 1
CIR n x64 kbps, n=1..31
DLCI_16
E1 E1
BSC 2 BEARER CH. 2
CIR (31 - n) x64 kbps
NSE2 DLCI_17
BSC 2 NS-VC1

PAPU_2
NSE2

NSVC_1

Remarks:
• A Bearer channel can be associated to several NSEs, channel rate n x 64 Kbps
• Bearer channel minimum rate = 64 Kbps
• EIR set to null
• Maximum 50 NS-VCs/bearer channel
• If NS-VCs are terminated into different PAPUs, they have to be carried over separate bearer channels

52 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Typical Gb
SGSN
NORTEL PCU
BSC 1 PAPU_1
NSE1 NSE2
BSC 1 E1 E1 NSVC_1
BEARER CH. 1 NSVC_2
NSE1 CIR n x64 kbps
NS-VC1 DLCI_16 CIR
(31 - n) x64 kbps
DLCI_17
BSC 2
E1 BEARER CH. 2 E1 CIR n x64 kbps
BSC 2 NSE2
DLCI_18
NS-VC2
PAPU_2
DLCI_19
BSC 3 NSE3 NSE4
E1 E1 NSVC_4
BEARER CH. 3 NSVC_3
BSC 3 NSE3
NS-VC3 DLCI_20

DLCI_21

BSC 4
BSC 4 PAPU_3

NSE5 NSE6
NSE4
NSVC_5 NSVC_6
NS-VC4

BSC 5
BSC 5 NSE5
NS-VC5 REMARKS:
• About 1/2 E1 required per BSC
• PAPU processing capacity 3 Mbps
BSC 6
-> 1 BSC can be connected into same PAPU, each
BSC 6 NSE6 occupying 15 x 64 k FR
NS-VC6

53 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Gb with Redundancy
SGSN
NORTEL PCU
BSC 1 PAPU_1
BSC 1 E1 E1 NSE NSE
BEARER CH. 1
NSE 1 2
DLCI_16 NSVC_1 NSVC_2 NSVC_3 NSVC_4
1
NSVC_1
DLCI_17
NSVC_2 E1 BEARER CH. 2 E1
DLCI_18

BSC 2 DLCI_19
BSC 2
NSE
2
NSVC_3

NSVC_4

54 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Detailed planning exercise

Exercise 2

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 Input for exercise
BSC SGSN
• One PAPU
• 2 BSCs (geographically split)

1. BSC ( 16 sites connected – each 2 cells) FR links

2 BCSUs • BSC
8 x 64k TS GPRS traffic for 8 sites on BSC1 is connected with 2 FR links
each PCU while BSC2 has one FR link
connection
2. BSC (6 sites connected – each 2 cells)
1 BCSUs
6 x 64k TS GPRS traffic for 6 sites

56 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Considerations for the planning

• Prepare an overview of the network

• Dimension FR links (Bearer channels)
• Allocated all ids‘ : NSEI,BVCIs, NS-VCIs,
DLCIs, and define the capacity of all Bearer
channels and DLCs. Also include some
examples of load sharing or protection
• This is a freestyle exercise – so there is no
really a right solution of this exercise.

57 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Overview of the network - output
16 TS =
16*64kbps
BSC 1 BEARER CH. 1 22 TS =
2 BCSUs PCU-
1
DLCI_1
6
CIR SGSN 22*64kbps
DLCI_17 4 x64 kbps
E1(1) E1(1) PAPU_1
PCU-2
NSE1 NSE3
BEARER CH. 2
NSVC_1/2 NSVC_3/4
E1(2) DLCI_16 E1(2)
NSE2
DLCI_17
NSVC_5/6

6 TS = 6*64kbps BEARER CH.3

BSC 2 PCU-1
1 BSCU DLCI_16
E1(1) E1(1)

DLCI_17
CIR 3 x64 kbps

58 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Overview of the network – output BC
Bearer channel = 8 TS = Bearer channel = 8 TS =
8*64kbps = 512kbps 8*64kbps = 512kbps
BSC 1 BEARER CH. 1
2 BCSUs PCU-
DLCI_1 CIR
1 SGSN
6 4 x64 kbps
E1(1) DLCI_17 E1(1) PAPU_1
PCU-2
NSE1 NSE2
BEARER CH. 2
NSVC_1 /2 NSVC_3/4
E1(2) DLCI_16 E1(2)
NSE3
DLCI_17
NSVC_5/6

BEARER CH.3
BSC 2 PCU-1
1 BSCU DLCI_16
E1(1) E1(1)

DLCI_17
CIR 3 x64 kbps

Data link connection = 2x 3*64kbps = 2 x 128kbps

Bearer channel = 6*64kbps = 384kbps

59 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 Overview of the network – output
NSE1

NSVC_1 /2
NSEI/NS-VCI
BSC 1 BEARER CH. 1
2 BCSUs PCU-
DLCI_1 CIR
1 SGSN
6 4 x64 kbps
E1(1) DLCI_17 E1(1) PAPU_1
PCU-2
NSE1 NSE2
NSE2 BEARER CH. 2
NSVC_1 /2 NSVC_3/4
NSVC_3/4 DLCI_16
E1(2) E1(2)
NSE3
DLCI_17
NSVC_5/6

BEARER CH.3
BSC 2 PCU-1
1 BSCU DLCI_16
E1(1) E1(1)
NSE3 CIR (31 - n) x64 kbps
NSVC_5/6 DLCI_17
CIR 3 x64 kbps

60 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 Overview of the network – output BVCI

BSC PCU 1 - 8 sites BSC 1

site cell BVCI 2 BCSUs PCU-
1
1 1 1
1 2 2
2 3 3 PCU-2
2 4 4
3 5 5
3 6 6
4 7 7
4 8 8 BSC PCU 2 - 8 sites
5 9 9 site cell BVCI
5 10 10 1 1 1
6 11 11 1 2 2
6 12 12 2 3 3
7 13 13 2 4 4 BSC 2 PCU-1
7 14 14 3 5 5 1 BSCU
8 15 15 3 6 6
8 16 16 4 7 7
4 8 8
5 9 9
5 10 10
6 11 11
6 12 12
7 13 13
7 14 14
8 15 15
8 16 16
61 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning
 Thank you !!!

62 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning

 GSM architecture
Air
Interface
BSS NSS
Abis Ater’
Interface Interface

BSC
A
BTS Interface
HLR/
AC/
TC EIR
MSC/VLR

TCSM

Ater
Interface

O&M
Interface
NMS

63 © NOKIA 2000 Gb interface detailed planning