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Introduction To Networks

This document provides an introduction to networking, defining a network as two or more connected computers that can share resources like data. It describes reasons for networking like sharing information, hardware/software, and centralized administration. It also outlines different types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN) according to their size and transmission medium (guided or unguided), and discusses common network topologies like bus, ring and star.

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Iqra Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
361 views

Introduction To Networks

This document provides an introduction to networking, defining a network as two or more connected computers that can share resources like data. It describes reasons for networking like sharing information, hardware/software, and centralized administration. It also outlines different types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN) according to their size and transmission medium (guided or unguided), and discusses common network topologies like bus, ring and star.

Uploaded by

Iqra Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENG224

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II


5. Introduction to Networking

Introduction to Networking

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

What is a Network?

A network consists of 2 or more computers


connected together, and they can communicate and
share resources (e.g. information)

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

Why Networking?
• Sharing information — i.e. data communication

• Do you prefer these?

• Or this?

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

• Sharing hardware or software


• E.g. print document

• Centralize administration and support


• E.g. Internet-based, so everyone can access the same
administrative or support application from their PCs

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

Transmission Media
• Two main categories:
1. Guided ― wires, cables
2. Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. radio,
microwave, infrared, sound, sonar
• Three types of guided media here:
1. Twisted-Pair cables:
2. Coaxial cables
3. Fiber-optic cables

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

1) LAN
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Small network, short distance
• A room, a floor, a building
• Limited by no. of computers and distance covered
• Usually one kind of technology throughout the LAN
• Serve a department within an organization
• Examples:
• Network inside the Student Computer Room
• Network inside your home
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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

2) Wide Area Network (WAN)


• A network that uses long-range telecommunication links
to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in different
places far apart.
• Towns, states, countries Your home
• Examples:
• Network of our Campus
• Internet

WAN USA

Student
Computer
7 Centre
ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

3) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


• A network that uses short-range telecommunication links
to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in different
places far apart.
• Distributors, Franchises
Company B
• Examples:
• Extranet – Connecting different
companies together.

MAN Company C

Company A

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

4) Personal Area Network (PAN)


PAN is a computer network used
for communication among computerized devices,
including cellphones and personal digital assistants
through Bluetooth or Infrared technologies. PAN is
setup in low distance range.

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

5) Peer-to-Peer Networks
• Peer-to-peer network is also called workgroup
• No hierarchy among computers  all are equal
• No administrator responsible for the network

Peer-to-peer

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ENG224
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II
5. Introduction to Networking

Topology ― 3 basic types


• How so many computers are connected together?
Bus Topology Ring Topology

Star Topology

Hub

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