Scribd
Upload
165 views

Chapter 9 - Quantum Mechanics

At the subatomic scale, the principles of quantum mechanics apply. Measurements at this scale alter the object being measured. Quantum mechanics describes nature as quantized or bundled rather than continuous. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. Quantum mechanics uses probabilities rather than definite values to describe subatomic phenomena like wave-particle duality.

Uploaded by

Made Sandhyana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
165 views

Chapter 9 - Quantum Mechanics

At the subatomic scale, the principles of quantum mechanics apply. Measurements at this scale alter the object being measured. Quantum mechanics describes nature as quantized or bundled rather than continuous. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. Quantum mechanics uses probabilities rather than definite values to describe subatomic phenomena like wave-particle duality.

Uploaded by

Made Sandhyana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Quantum Mechanics

Chapter 9

Great Idea:
At the subatomic scale, everything is quantized.
Any measurement at that scale significantly alters
the object being measured
Chapter Outline
• The World of the Very Small
• Probabilities
• Wave-Particle Duality
• Wave-Particle Duality and the Bohr
Atom
The World of the Very Small
The World of the Very Small
• Quantum mechanics
– Motion of quanta
• Bundles vs. continuous
• Does not match our intuition
Measurement & Observation in the
Quantum World
• 3 components to
measurement
– Sample
– Source of energy
– Detector
• Quantum World
– Measurement
alters object
The Heisenberg
Uncertainty Principle
• Uncertainty Principle:
– At quantum scale, measurement alters object
• Cannot know position and velocity
• Equation:
h
x * v 
m
• Compare large vs. small objects
– Small uncertainty with large object
– Large uncertainty with small object
Probabilities
Probabilities
• Newtonian View
– Determine
velocity and
position
• Quantum View
– Cannot determine
velocity and
position
– Use probability
Wave Particle Duality
The Double-Slit Test

• Energy
– Particles
– Waves
• Photons
– Emit photon
– Flood of photons
Double-Slit cont.
• Single photon
over time
• Results
depend on
experimental
design
• Visualizing
– Not wave or
particle
Wave-Particle Duality and
the Bohr Atom
Wave-Particle Duality &
the Bohr Atom
• Speed & Wavelength
– Faster speed=shorter wavelength
• Particle
– Precise velocity=stable orbit
• Wave
– Uniform vibration at certain frequencies
• Combine wave & particle?
– Only orbits allowed are those where both particle and
wave work

Bending wave
Wave length into circular
determines orbit, fit only
frequency certain standing
waves into orbit
Quantum Weirdness
• Richard Feynmann- “I can safely say
that nobody understands quantum
mechanics. …Do not keep saying to
yourself, ‘But how can it be like
that?’… Nobody knows how it can be
like that.”
• Be Careful!
– Quantum mechanics is still a marvelous
and necessary tool for understanding
the quantum world
Quantum Entanglement
• Quantum Entanglement
– Dice
• Photons emitted at same time
– Despite distance, remain entangled
• Quantum teleportation

You might also like