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Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh

Name : G. Subba Rao & B. Santhosha Kumari Designation : Lecturer Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg. Institute : BPTC, Bapatla Year/Semester : IV Semester Subject : Microprocessors Subject Code : CM 405 Topic : Introduction and Architecture Duration : 50 Mts Sub Topic : Introduction To Microcomputers, Basic Functional Blocks Of Microprocessor Teaching Aid

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Y. S.V.Ramana rao
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52 views

Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh

Name : G. Subba Rao & B. Santhosha Kumari Designation : Lecturer Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg. Institute : BPTC, Bapatla Year/Semester : IV Semester Subject : Microprocessors Subject Code : CM 405 Topic : Introduction and Architecture Duration : 50 Mts Sub Topic : Introduction To Microcomputers, Basic Functional Blocks Of Microprocessor Teaching Aid

Uploaded by

Y. S.V.Ramana rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : G. Subba Rao & B. Santhosha Kumari
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : BPTC, Bapatla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Microprocessors
Subject Code : CM 405
Topic : Introduction and Architecture
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : Introduction To Microcomputers, Basic
Functional Blocks Of Microprocessor
Teaching Aids : Figures
Revised by :K.Srikanth,Lecturer,GPT,Nizamabad
9CM405.1 1
Objectives

On completion of this period you would be able to

• Know about Microcomputer

• Draw the basic functional block diagram of a


microprocessor

• Describe each block of microprocessor

9CM405.1 2
Classification of Computers

Computers are Two Types

• Analog Computers
– Constructed using circuits that handle continuously
varying voltage signals

• Digital Computers
– Constructed using circuits like Digital ICs that handle
binary signals

9CM405.1 3
Classification Of Digital Computers

• Main frame computers


– Large size, huge capacities, very high speed
computation

• Mini computers
– Medium size, moderate capabilities, medium speed

• Micro computers
– Small size, small memory, low speed

9CM405.1 4
Microcomputers

• Originally of smaller capabilities

• With large technological developments, today’s


Microcomputers are comparable to earlier Mini
or even Main frame systems

• So, distinction becomes difficult now

9CM405.1 5
Microcomputers

• Personal Computers (PCs) comes under the


category of Microcomputers

9CM405.1 6
Block Diagram Of A Microcomputer
CPU
ARITHMETIC
LOGIC UNIT(ALU)

INPUT CONTROL UNIT OUTPUT

MEMORY

9CM405.1 7
Basic Blocks Of A Microcomputer

• Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)


• Control Unit (CU)
• Memory
• Input Unit (I/P)
• Output Unit (O/P)

9CM405.1 8
Microprocessor

• If ALU and Control Unit comes on one single IC, it is


called Microprocessor

• So, ‘Microprocessor is a single chip CPU’

• Microprocessors are now used as CPUs in


Microcomputers

9CM405.1 9
Block Diagram Of A Microprocessor

Accumulator
&
Flag Register
ALU General
Purpose
Registers
Timing and Control

9CM405.1 10
Description of Block Diagram

•The microprocessor is a data processing unit


•Data processing includes both computation and data
handling

•The main blocks of microprocessor are


 Arithmetic and Logic Unit
 Accumulator
 General purpose Registers
 Flag register
 Timing and Control Unit

9CM405.1 11
Arithmetic And Logic Unit
• Performs arithmetic operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

• Also performs logical operations like AND ,OR, NOT, XOR,


Compare, etc.

Accumulator

• This is a register used for holding data and storing


intermediate results and data

9CM405.1 12
General Purpose Registers

• The general purpose registers are also used for storing


data and involve in various arithmetic and logic operations

• The size and number of registers depends on the specific


Microprocessor

9CM405.1 13
Flag Register
• A flag is a flip flop that indicates some condition
produced on the execution of an instruction or controls
certain operation of microprocessor

• Group of such flags is called a flag register

• The size of the flag register varies from one processor to


the other

• The Flag register is also called as Processor Status Word


(PSW)

9CM405.1 14
Timing And Control Unit
• The timing unit contains an oscillator which generates
clock signals that synchronize all the operations in the
microprocessor

• Control unit generates signals to control each block of


a microprocessor to perform operations at right time

9CM405.1 15
Summary

• Accumulator stores the results and data

• ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations

• Microprocessor contains general purpose and special


purpose registers

9CM405.1 16
Quiz

• The status of ALU after an operation is indicated by

(a) General Purpose Register

(b) Timing and Control unit

(c) Flag Register

(d) Program counter

9CM405.1 17
Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the basic blocks present in a microprocessor


and explain their function.

2. What is meant by a flag ?

3. What is the use of general purpose register ?

9CM405.1 18

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