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Serial Communication, USART, SPI and I2C

This document discusses various serial communication protocols. It begins with an overview of parallel vs serial communication and synchronous vs asynchronous transmission. It then provides more detailed explanations of the USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), and I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocols, describing their basic functionality, signal lines, data transmission process, and advantages over other methods.

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Fatima Irfan
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1K views

Serial Communication, USART, SPI and I2C

This document discusses various serial communication protocols. It begins with an overview of parallel vs serial communication and synchronous vs asynchronous transmission. It then provides more detailed explanations of the USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), and I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocols, describing their basic functionality, signal lines, data transmission process, and advantages over other methods.

Uploaded by

Fatima Irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Serial Communication, USART, SPI

and I2C
Serial Communications

 Outline
 Data Transmission Types
 Parallel vs Serial
 Synchronous vs Asynchronous
 USART
 SPI
 I2C

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Data Transmission Types
 Full Duplex
 Communication is possible in both directions, but can transmit and
receive in the same time.

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Parallel Communication

 The process of sending several bits as a whole, on a link


with several parallel channels.
 It requires a separate channel for each bit to be transmitted
 A parallel link use simpler hardware as there is no need for
a serializer/deserializer.
 Usually used for very short distances.

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Serial Communication

 The process of sending data bit by bit sequentially, over a


single channel between sender and receiver.
 For correct data transmission, there has to be some form of
synchronization between transmitter and receiver.
 Cost of cable and synchronization difficulties make parallel
communication impractical.

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Basic of Serial Communication

 To convert parallel data from a computer bus to serial bits, or to


receive serial data we need to use two kinds of shift registers:
Transmitter:
 A parallel-in, serial-out

shift register.

Receiver:
 A serial-in, parallel-out

shift register.

 For each clock pulse,


the data is shifted in or out.

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Synchronous vs Asynchronous

 Synchronous Transmission

 Asynchronous Transmission

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USART (Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)
 The USART module is a full duplex, serial I/O communication
peripheral.
 It contains all shift registers, clock generators and data buffers
needed for
 It can work in synchronous mode, or in asynchronous mode.
 The USART uses two I/O pins to transmit and receive serial
data. Both transmission and reception can occur at the same
time i.e. ‘full duplex’ operation.

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USART
 To send a byte, the application writes the byte to the transmit
buffer.
 The USART module is a full duplex, serial I/O communication
peripheral.
 In a similar way, the UART stores received bytes in a buffer.
 Then the UART can generate an interrupt to notify the
application or software can poll the port to find out if data has
arrived.

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SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
 SPI
 SPI, or Serial to Peripheral Interface, is a very low power
four-wire serial communication interface designed for IC
controllers and peripherals to communicate with each
other.
 Two types of devices, masters and slaves.
 We’ll consider only one master, but multiple slaves
 Signals
 SCLK: Serial CLocK, set by Master
 MOSI: Master Out, Slave In
 MISO: Master In, Slave Out
 ~SS: Slave Selec

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SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
 Pull slave select line low to select device.
 First bit of data gets put on MISO and MOSI
(so a byte goes both ways)
 Data gets shifted out (typically 8 bits, but
 Not necessarily)
 The data gets put on bus on falling edge of clock.
 The data gets read on the rising edge of clock

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I2C (Inter‐Integrated Circuit)
 I2C
 As with SPI a master‐slave system.
 Also called a 2‐wire bus. It has only clock and data, with
pull‐up resistors (Rp in diagram).
 Lines can be pulled low by any device, and are high
when all devices release them.
 There are no “slave‐select” lines – instead the devices
have “addresses” that are sent as part of the
transmission protocol.
 Four max speeds (100 kbS (standard), 400 kbS (fast),1
MbS (fast plus), and 3.4 MbS (high‐speed)

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I2C (Inter‐Integrated Circuit)
 I2C
 As with SPI a master‐slave system.

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I2C (Inter‐Integrated Circuit)
 I2C write a single byte
1. All: allow SDA, SCL start high
2. Master: SDA low to signal start
3. Master: Send out SCL, and 7 bit address followed by 0(~W) on
SDA
4. Slave: Pull SDA low to signify ACKnowledge
5. Master: Send out 8 data bits on SDA
6. Slave: Ack
7. All: allow SDA to go high when SCL is high (stop)

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I2C (Inter‐Integrated Circuit)
 For Read
3. Master: Address following by 1(R) on SDA
5. Master: Send out 8 data bits on SDA
6. Slave: Ack

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UART, I2C and SPI

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