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How Translocation Works

Translocation is the active movement of organic compounds like sucrose from where they are produced (sources) to where they are needed (sinks). There are two routes for phloem loading - the apoplast route where assimilates move through cell walls by diffusion, and the symplast route where they move passively through the cytoplasm. In both routes, active transport is used to increase the sucrose concentration which creates pressure for long-distance transport of sugars via the phloem. Translocation provides sugars and nutrients to roots, meristems, storage organs and other growing tissues in the plant.

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Aqeela Syakira
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54 views

How Translocation Works

Translocation is the active movement of organic compounds like sucrose from where they are produced (sources) to where they are needed (sinks). There are two routes for phloem loading - the apoplast route where assimilates move through cell walls by diffusion, and the symplast route where they move passively through the cytoplasm. In both routes, active transport is used to increase the sucrose concentration which creates pressure for long-distance transport of sugars via the phloem. Translocation provides sugars and nutrients to roots, meristems, storage organs and other growing tissues in the plant.

Uploaded by

Aqeela Syakira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOW TRANSLOCATION WORKS Aqeela Syakira XSCI

WHAT IS TRANSLOCATION?
Translocation is the movement of organic compounds from
where they are made at their source, to where they are required
at their sink.
It is an active process which can be used to transport phloem up
or down the plant.
Example sources of assimilates:
 Green leaves and stems
 Storage organs such as tubers, when unloading
stores during a growth period
 Food stores in seeds during germination
Example sinks of assimilates:
 Roots that are absorbing mineral ions via active
transport.
 Meristems
 Any part of the plant creating food stores such as
tubers.
Movement of soluble product
PHLOEM LOADING into the phloem.
APOPLAST ROUTE
Assimilates move through the spaces in the loose cellulose fibres of the cell wall,
known as the apoplast.
They move into the phloem by diffusion.
Active transport is used to maintain a concentration gradient.
1. ​Hydrogen ions (H+) are actively pumped out using ATP.
2. ​Hydrogen ions return down a concentration gradient via a co-transporter protein.
3. Sucrose must be co-transported with H+ ion, in order for the H+ ion to get back in, down the
concentration gradient.
4. This increases sucrose concentration in companion cells, which creates a low water potential.
5. Water osmoses into the companion cell, increasing turgor pressure.
6. The water carrying the assimilates then moves to an areas of lower pressure - the sinks - in a
mass transport system.

The pressure created by solute accumulation in the source is much higher than that
of a human artery, so water can be transported rapidly over many metres.
SYMPLAST ROUTE
Assimilates move passively through the symplast pathway - the
cytoplasm.
Sucrose accumulates in the sieve tubes, water osmoses from an
areas of high potential to the area of newly lowered potential
where the sucrose is. Pressure created causes sucrose to move
along the phloem by mass flow.
- Sucrose is offloaded to cells which
need it by diffusing down a
concentration gradient.

PHLOEM UNLOADING - Loss of solutes from phloem causes


water to osmose to surrounding cells.
Some of the water enter the
transpiration stream in xylem.
Sucrose is offloaded to cells which need it by diffusing down a
concentration gradient.
Loss of solutes from phloem causes water to osmose to surrounding
cells. Some of the water enter the transpiration stream in xylem.
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSLOCATION
Microscopy allows us to see adaptations of companion cells for
active transport.
If mitochondria are poisoned, translocation stops, suggesting it is
an active process which requires ATP.
Flow of sugars in phloem is 10000x faster than diffusion alone,
suggesting there is an active process driving mass flow.
Positive pressure from inside the phloem forces sap out through
aphid stylets (mouth parts), and the pressure lowers closer to the
source.
POST TEST
2 DIFFERENT ROUTES IN PHLOEM LOADING
A. Apoplast & Symplast
B. Monocotil & Dicotil
C. Xylem & Phloem
D. Left Atrium & Right Atrium
AN EXAMPLE OF SOURCE
A. Roots
B. Meristems
C. Food Stores
D. Green Leaves
AN EXAMPLE OF SINKS
A. Green Leaves
B. Meristems
C. Food Storage
D. Seeds
WHAT KIND OF PROCESS IS TRANSLOCATION?
A. Passive
B. Transportation
C. Active
D. Creation
WHERE IS THE SYMPLAST PATHWAY LOCATED?
A. Your heart
B. My heart
C. Cytoplasm
D. Stem
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN MITOCHONDRIA IS
POISONED?
A. Translocation sleeps forever
B. Translocation runs away at midnight
C. Translocation stops
D. Translocation slows down
WHAT DOES PHLOEM SAP MOVE BY?
A. Mass flow
B. Water
C. Air
D. Fire
WHAT CAUSE WATER TO OSMOSE?
A. Gain of solutes
B. Loss of solutes
C. Gains of liqutes
D. Loss of liqutes
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF APHID STYLETS?
A. Amazing style
B. Great stems
C. Skilled stylists
D. Mouth parts
HOW DO THE ASSIMILATES MOVE IN AN
APOPLAST ROUTE?
A. Osmosis
B. Infusion
C. Photosynthesis
D. Diffusion

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