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Chapter 5

The document outlines rules for interpreting contracts under Philippine law. It states that the literal meaning of a contract's stipulations shall control if the terms are clear, and the parties' intentions shall prevail if words appear contrary to evident intent. It also notes that contemporaneous and subsequent acts of the parties shall be considered to judge their intention. Additionally, general terms shall not be understood to comprehend distinct cases not intended by the parties.

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Noreenel Lintag Borja
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21 views

Chapter 5

The document outlines rules for interpreting contracts under Philippine law. It states that the literal meaning of a contract's stipulations shall control if the terms are clear, and the parties' intentions shall prevail if words appear contrary to evident intent. It also notes that contemporaneous and subsequent acts of the parties shall be considered to judge their intention. Additionally, general terms shall not be understood to comprehend distinct cases not intended by the parties.

Uploaded by

Noreenel Lintag Borja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAP T E R 5 :

ER PR E TA T I O N O F
INT
CO N T RA C T S
ARTICLE 1370
If the terms of a contract are clear and leave no doubt
upon the intention of the contracting parties, the literal
meaning of its stipulations shall control.
If the words appear to be contrary to the evident intention
of the parties, the latter shall prevail over the former.
(1281)
ARTICLE 1371

In order to judge the intention of the contracting parties,


their contemporaneous and subsequent acts shall be
principally considered. (1282)
ARTICLE 1372

However general the terms of a contract may be, they


shall not be understood to comprehend things that are
distinct and cases that are different from to upon which the
parties intended to agree. (1283)
ARTICLE 1373

If some stipulation of any contract should admit of several


meanings, it shall be understood as bearing that import
which is most adequate to render it effectual. (1284)
ARTICLE 1374

The various stipulations of a contract shall be interpreted


together, attributing to the doubtful ones that sense which
may result from all of them taken jointly. (1285)
ARTICLE 1375

Words which may have different significations shall be


understood in that which is most in keeping with the
nature and object of the contract. (1286)
ARTICLE 1376

The usage or custom of the place shall be borne in mind in


the interpretation of the ambiguities of a contract, and
shall fill the omission of stipulations which are ordinarily
established. (1287)
ARTICLE 1377

The interpretation of obscure words or stipulations in a


contract shall not favor the party who caused the
obscurity. (1288)
ARTICLE 1378
When it is absolutely impossible to settle doubts by the rules
established in the preceding articles, and the doubts refer to
incidental circumstances of a gratuitous contract, the least
transmission of rights and interests shall prevail. If the contract is
onerous, the doubt shall be settled in favor of the greatest reciprocity
of interests.
If the doubts are cast upon the principal object of the contract in such
a way that it cannot be known what may have been the intention or
will of the parties, the contract shall be null and void. (1289)
ARTICLE 1379

The principles of interpretation stated in rule 123 of the


rules of court shall likewise be observed in the
construction of contracts. (N)
THANK YOU! ☺

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