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Aircraft Anti-Icing Systems

Aircraft anti-icing systems are necessary to prevent ice buildup which can severely decrease lift, increase drag, and change flight characteristics. There are different types of ice such as rime, glaze, and mixed ice. Systems detect ice using probes and turn on anti-icing when ice builds up on the probe. Anti-icing methods include thermal heating, propeller heating, fluid deicing, and pneumatic boots to remove ice. Typical aircraft like the C-130 and 777 use engine bleed air and electrical heating for anti-icing key surfaces and components.

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72 views

Aircraft Anti-Icing Systems

Aircraft anti-icing systems are necessary to prevent ice buildup which can severely decrease lift, increase drag, and change flight characteristics. There are different types of ice such as rime, glaze, and mixed ice. Systems detect ice using probes and turn on anti-icing when ice builds up on the probe. Anti-icing methods include thermal heating, propeller heating, fluid deicing, and pneumatic boots to remove ice. Typical aircraft like the C-130 and 777 use engine bleed air and electrical heating for anti-icing key surfaces and components.

Uploaded by

Swmdwn Basumatary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Aircraft Anti-Icing Systems

Negative Effects of Ice Buildup


• Destroys smooth flow of air over
wing, leading to severe decrease
in lift and increase in drag forces
• Can change pitching moment
• As angle of attack is increased to
compensate for decreased lift,
more accumulation can occur on
lower wing surface
• Causes damage to external
equipment such as antennae and
can clog inlets, and cause impact
damage to fuselage and engines
• Considered a cumulative hazard
because as ice builds up on the
wing, it increasingly changes the
flight characteristics
Types of Ice
• Rime: “has a rough milky white
appearance and generally follows
the surface closely”
• Clear/Glaze: “sometimes clear
and smooth but usually contain
some air pockets that result in a
lumpy translucent appearance,
denser, harder and more difficult
to break than rime ice”
• Mixed
Ice Detection
• Electronic ice detection common, but can give
false readings
• GM is developing a mass based ice detection
system where ice builds up on external probe
• After mass of probe has increased due to
additional ice, anti-icing systems are alerted and
turned on
• This increases fuel efficiency and system life as
de-icing systems are only turned on as required
by conditions
Types of Ice Removal
• Anti-Icing
– Preemptive, turned on before the flight enters
icing conditions
– Includes: thermal heat, prop heat, pitot heat,
fuel vent heat, windshield heat, and fluid
surface de-icers
• De-Icing
– Reactive, used after there has been significant
ice build up
– Includes surface de-ice equipment such as
boots, weeping wing systems, and heated
wings
Propeller Anti-Icers
• Ice usually appears on
propeller before it forms
on the wing
• Can be treated with
chemicals from slinger
rings on the prop hub
• Graphite electric
resistance heaters on
leading edges of blades
can also be used
Windshield Anti-Icers

• Usually uses resistance heat


to clear windshield or
chemical sprays while on the
ground
• Liquids used include: ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol, Grade B Isopropyl alcohol,
urea, sodium acetate, potassium acetate,
sodium formate, and chloride salts
• Chemicals are often bad for the environment
Thermal Heat
• Air Heated
– Bleed air from engine heats inlet
cowls to keep ice from forming
– Bleed air can be ducted to wings
to heat wing surface as well
– Ice can also build up within
engine, so shutoff valves need to
be incorporated in design
– Usually used to protect leading
edge slat, and engine inlet cowls
• Resistance heater
– Used to prevent ice from forming
on pitot tubes, stall vanes,
temperature probes, and drain
masts Airplane Design, Book 4, Roskam
Boots
• Inflatable rubber strips that
run along the leading edge
of wing and tail surfaces
• When inflated, they expand
knocking ice off of wing
surface
• After ice has been removed,
suction is applied to boots,
returning them to the
original shape for normal
flight
• Usually used on smaller
planes
Weeping Wing
• Fluid is pumped through
mesh screen on leading
edge of wing and tail
• Chemical is distributed
over wing surface,
melting ice
• Can also be used on
propeller blades and
windshields
Electro-impulse Deicing
• Electromagnetic coil under the
skin induces strong eddy
currents on surface
• Delivers mechanical impulses
to the surface on which ice has
formed
• Strong opposing forces formed
between coil and skin
• Resulting acceleration sheds
ice from the surface
• Can shed ice as thin as 0.05”
Typical Anti-Icing
• C-130:
– Engine bleed air used for anti-icing wing and
empennage leading edges, radome, and engine inlet
air ducts.
– Electrical heat provides anti-icing for propellers,
windshield, and pitot tubes.
• 777:
– Engine bleed air used to heat engine cowl inlets. If
leak is detected in Anti-Ice duct, affected engine Anti-
Ice valves close.
– Wing Anti-Ice System provides bleed air to three
leading edge slats on each wing. Wing Anti-Ice is only
available in flight.
References
• “Airplane Design, Pt 4.” Roskam
• http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sa11.pdf#search=
%22anti-icing%20systems%20aircraft%22
• http://www.newpiper.com/promo/PIIPS/images/PIIPSPro
pSlingerRing.jpg
• http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/c-130.htm
• http://www.airs-icing.org/AIRS_II/AIAAReno2006/AIAA-
2006-206-
739.pdf#search=%22transport%20ice%20%22in%20fli
ght%22%22
• www.p2pays.org/ref/07/06047.pdf
• Ice Pictures
• http://www.idiny.com/eidi.html

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