Under supervision of :

Prof. Magda Abdul Hameed

Prepared by:
Sanaa Abdul Hameed
Objectives
At the end of this lecture, every candidate will be

able to :
Define the key terms.
Identify the elements of safety culture.
Recognize the aspects of IT and nursing safety
Discuss how the IT can maintain safety?
Objectives cont.
Identify the IT tools used to maintain safety.

Explain computer uses to support EBP and

research.
Discuss strategies of IT tools in maintaining the

quality.
Outlines
Introduction.

Definition of evidence, EPB, patient safety, quality &

informatics.
The importance of IT tools.

Elements of safety culture.

Outlines cont.
Aspects of IT and nursing safety
Strategies of IT can maintain safety.

IT tools used to maintain safety.

Computer uses to support EBP and research.

Strategies of IT tools in maintaining the quality.

 Introduction
In this modern days, information technology (IT)

plays a big role in every aspects of life including the

health.
Introduction cont.
Improvements in IT have allowed for great reform in

healthcare. This facilitates conducting clinical

researches and access to their findings globally using
the computers and internet thus built the practice on
the best evidence.
Introduction cont.
The evidence based practice supported by using IT

tools can allow costs to be lowered and increase the

amount of time health care providers can spend on
patients, reduce the mistakes and improvement in
patient safety and the quality of healthcare.
 Evidence
Knowledge derived from a variety of sources that

has indicating whether a belief or proposition is

true or valid, and credible .
 Evidence Based Practice “EBP”
EBP is an integration of the current available best

evidence, clinical expertise, and the values &

preferences of consumers who are served.

10
EBP cont.
EBP is a process through which scientific evidence is

identified ,appraised and applied in health care

interventions to support the practitioners’
practice/activity to achieve an optimum outcomes at
minimal cost.
 Informatics
 It is the application of computing technology,

network protocols, telecommunication mechanism

and software algorithms applied towards improving
the quality of a “Human Service” process”
 Quality
The correct implementation of health interventions
according to established norms and procedures, which
satisfy clients and maximize health outcomes without
creating health risks or unnecessary costs consistent
with current professional knowledge.
 Patient Safety
It is the environment, infrastructure and technology
emphasizing the reporting, analysis and prevention of
medical error and adverse events that might case a
patient harm.
 Patient safety practices& using IT
It is the prevention of harm to patients through:
 proactively Detecting errors , before risk occurs.

Eliminating errors and adverse events.

Buffer the consequences of errors after they occur to

minimize injury.
Built a culture of safety
 ?How the IT maintain safety
Provide software to health care providers that facilitate

communications, detect and reduce errors and their

consequences.
Facilitate better decisions support for more effective

practice.
 IT tools can maintain safety

A- technological devices:

Assistive devices (lifting, electronic beds, etc).
Diagnostic devices (CT, MRI, etc.) VS exploration
surgery.
Treatment devices (endoscopy)
Medication bar codes, automated medication dispensers
and smart pumps.
Smart cards.
IT tools can maintain safety
Alarms and warning systems:
Bed alarms

Warnings on IV pumps that signal occlusions.

Patient-initiated call bells.

Staff-initiated code alarms.

Cardiac monitor alarms, and ventilator alarms.

Diagnostic devices
Assistive devices
Bar codes
Smart pumps
 Soft ware applications
Computerized reporting systems

Electronic health and personal records (EHRs, PHRs)

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)

Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)

 Computerized Clinical Reminder (CCR)

Computer-based simulation
Computerized Clinical Reminder (CCR)
Computer-based
simulation
Computer-based simulation
 Evidence based practice and informatics
Information technology tools provide means to search the

literature and apply clinical knowledge and meeting the

standards of excellence.
Information technology tools are accessible at the point of

care when needed.

 Computer uses to support EBP and research
Computers can be used in several ways to support the
development of EBP and research including the following:

1. Identification of searchable questions and research topics.

2. Literature searches

3. Digital libraries

4. Data collection tools

5. Quantitative and Qualitative research

1- Identification of searchable questions and research
topics

There are a variety of valid and reliable resources available

to promote searchable questions.

Doctors and nurses have online discussion groups and

professional mentors helping them to identify specific

areas for EBP or original research.
2- Literature searches

Systematic literature searches provide effective means of

researching primary research in a logical and systematic
manner.
It provides more efficient and effective means to find
credible scientific information than if one were doing a
general web site search.

All of these primary data bases are available for online

searches through university and hospital libraries.

 Advantages
associated with online literature searches
1. Searches may be completed quickly.

2. Searches may be done without the aid of a librarian.

3. Searches may be limited to specific years, language or

journal subsets.

4. Searches may be general or limited to clinical trials.

5. Online abstracts allow researchers to quickly determine if

a particular article suits their purpose.
 Disadvantages
associated with online literature searches
1. Searches require a basic level of skill with online
resources and key terms.

2. Search results are directly related to the selection of

search terms.

3. Researchers may need the services of the librarian to

improve search strategies and selection of search terms.

4. Online retrieval may be expensive for individuals

purchasing articles.
3- Digital libraries
A digital library is a special library with a focused collection

of digital objects that can include text, visual, audio and

video material, stored as electronic media formats along
with means for organizing, storing, and retrieving the files
and media contained in the library collection.
 The purpose of digital libraries is
Digital libraries extend the missions and techniques of

physical libraries through information technology.

To transform large volumes of data into information and

knowledge.
Allow users to search or browse a particular research topic.

It provides access to evidence-based reviews, guidelines,

various data bases, news and updates.

Data collection tools- 4
Data collection tools may be located via online literature
searches and discussion lists.
Test references provide comprehensive information on
published tools that are available for purchase as well as
published instruments that appear in journal articles.
Once suitable tool is found, permission for its use often
obtained quickly through e- mail than through traditional
mail.
 Advantages
of data collection via the internet
1- Freedom from geographic boundaries.

2- Fast and cost effectiveness.

3- Interactive forms that can be evaluated for

completeness and accuracy of data before
submission.
Quantitative and Qualitative research-5
Both Quantitative and Qualitative research

methods are supported and facilitated through

various information technology applications.
Research process by using informatics
technology
The research process include the following:
Data collection

Data analysis

Data presentation (graphics)

Dissemination of research findings

A) Direct Data Collection
Data collection can be easier through the use of mobile
devices or using email.
Data can be transmitted if needed to another computer for
completion and analysis.
This eliminates errors and lost or eligible paper notes and
speed the data collection and analysis process.
It also reduces the time and costs needed for cleaning data
to ensure its quality
B) Data Analysis
Data analysis is the processing of data collected
during the course of study to identify trends and
patterns of relationships.
The overwhelming volume of data requires
computer processing to turn data into useful
information.
Ex. Use of SPSS program.
C)Data Presentation (Graphics)
Once data analysis is completed, graphics
presentation software helps the researcher put
study findings into a form that is easy for the
reader to follow in written study reports and for
listener to follow when findings are presented at
professional conferences or meetings.
D )Dissemination of research findings
There are multiple opportunities through which

one can share and disseminate research findings

such as via traditional paper based journals, digital
libraries and various online publications.
This process can be shorter in time with electronic

publication.
Informatics & Quality
Health IT offers a better way of establishing data when

providers have out-of-date information.

Applying the best available evidence, access to the

international policies and standards.

Allows for auditing to assure a consistent standard of
care.
Informatics & Quality
Using Electronic records that make data up to date,

complete, accurate, and in the hands of health care

providers, patients and their families when it’s
needed.
ERs reminding the health care providers about the

timing of appropriate preventive services that decrease

the risks.
Informatics & Quality
Facilitate the measurement of performance against
standards of practice and data analysis related to
quality.
Ease accessibility of the patient to services online or

direct contact with the health care providers in

geographically distance.
 References
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009,
Pub. L., No. 111-115, 123 Stat 115. Available at
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr1enr/pdf/BIL
LS-111hr1enr.pdf
.
http://www.nursingsociety.org/research/researc
hinitiatives/pages/research