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Vital Signs: Sheila Arelli Garcia-Safra, PRTP, Mhped

The document discusses vital signs, specifically focusing on blood pressure measurement including the proper use of a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, the various factors that can affect blood pressure readings, and the correct procedure for assessing and recording a patient's blood pressure which includes preparing the patient, appropriately placing the cuff and stethoscope, inflating the cuff, listening for Korotkoff sounds, and properly deflating and recording the results. Practical assessments and demonstrations are conducted to help trainees accurately measure and record blood pressure.

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Sheila Safra
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48 views

Vital Signs: Sheila Arelli Garcia-Safra, PRTP, Mhped

The document discusses vital signs, specifically focusing on blood pressure measurement including the proper use of a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, the various factors that can affect blood pressure readings, and the correct procedure for assessing and recording a patient's blood pressure which includes preparing the patient, appropriately placing the cuff and stethoscope, inflating the cuff, listening for Korotkoff sounds, and properly deflating and recording the results. Practical assessments and demonstrations are conducted to help trainees accurately measure and record blood pressure.

Uploaded by

Sheila Safra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vital Signs

Sheila Arelli Garcia-Safra, PRTP, MHPEd.


Vice President for Institutional Centers
Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts Science and Technology
Let’s Warm Up!
Vital Signs or Cardinal Signs
• Simplebasic measurements of body
functions
• Indicatorof general health or
physiologic status
• Provideimportant information about
the cardiopulmonary system
Vital Signs or Cardinal Signs
• Temperature
• Respiration
• Pulse
• Blood Pressure
Purposes for Taking and Monitoring Vital
Signs for First Aid
• Toestablish database for individual
patients
help assess patient’s response to treatment
assist in goal setting and treatment planning
Competencies
• Assess
blood pressure of the
patient accurately for baseline
purposes
• Record Results
Practical
Assessments will be
done after the session
Blood Pressure
• Forceexerted by the blood to the
vessel walls
Systolic Pressure – during contraction
Diastolic Pressure – during relaxation
• Systolic / Diastolic mmHg
• 120 / 80 mmHg
Factors affecting Blood Pressure
• Age
• Emotional Status
• Medications
• Physical Activities
• Size and condition of arteries
• Blood volume & cardiac output
• Muscular contraction
• Valsalva maneuver
• Arm position
• Site of measurement
Tools for Measuring BP
• Sphygmomanometer

• Stethoscope
Stethoscope
Sphygmomanometer (Types)
Aneroid

Electronic Mercurial
Sphygmomanometer (Parts)
Identify parts of your
stethoscope and
sphygmomanometer
Steps in Taking Blood Pressure
• Prepare Patient
 Explain Procedure
 Position
 Considerations to
ensure accuracy
What’s wrong in this situation?
Steps in Taking Blood Pressure
• Place Sphygmomanometer
 Cuff – snugly fit, 1 ½ above ante
cubital fossa or elbow crease.
 Proper alignment of tubes
• Prepare stethoscope
 Earpiece outward position
 Use diaphragm
 Test
 Proper placement – brachial
artery
Steps in Taking Blood Pressure
• Close valve and Inflate bladder
 If unknown, inflate cuff slowly Reading the manometer
until pulse disappears then add 20 and Korotkoff Sounds
to 30 mmHg (Palpatory Method).
 20-30mmHg above systolic
pressure if known
• Release valve slowly allowing 2-3
mmHg pressure drop.
• Listen to the Korotkoff sounds or
the thumping sounds
• Take note of the first (systolic)
and last (diastolic) sound.
• Then release the valve fully.
Steps in Taking Blood Pressure
• Record results
Don’ts in taking BP
• After care  Don’t place cuff over the sleeves or
 Remove cuff with tight sleeves
 If there’s a need to repeat, don’t
 Return sleeves just re inflate bladder without fully
 Upkeep equipment deflating it.
Blood Pressure Assessment Tips
• If patient is conscious, ask if they know their usual BP and if
patient is taking medications. Observe and ask about other
factors that may normally cause a variation in BP.
• Measure accurately.
 BP Apparatus calibrated, use of right cuff size
 Patient factors
 Observer factors
 Environment

• Take multiple readings with intervals and try to figure out


causes in increase or decrease BP.
• Don’t tell the patient right away especially when BP is elevated
as it may cause anxiety to the patient.
Prepare pen and paper.
Write the BP of the
patient as you hear the
Korotkoff sounds
Concentrate!
Ready?
Listen carefully and take a look at
the manometer.
Practice exercise 1 Practice exercise 2
Did you get it correctly?

Let’s have an actual


demonstration
Check points
Patient Position
Cuff Placement
Stethoscope use
Bladder inflation
Valve Release
Reading

Recording of results
Aftercare
Practice makes
perfect!
Take the BP of all your groupmates.

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