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XLine

This document discusses the key components of transmission lines including conductors, insulators, and supporting structures. It describes the different types of commonly used insulators like pin insulators, suspension insulators, strain insulators, and shackle insulators. The document explains that insulators are made of materials like porcelain, glass, or synthetic polymers and are designed to provide insulation and support transmission lines while withstand high voltages and mechanical stresses. It also outlines the various supporting structure types including wooden poles, H-frames, steel towers, and concrete structures that are used to keep conductors safely spaced at height from the ground.

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Muhammad Bilal
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54 views

XLine

This document discusses the key components of transmission lines including conductors, insulators, and supporting structures. It describes the different types of commonly used insulators like pin insulators, suspension insulators, strain insulators, and shackle insulators. The document explains that insulators are made of materials like porcelain, glass, or synthetic polymers and are designed to provide insulation and support transmission lines while withstand high voltages and mechanical stresses. It also outlines the various supporting structure types including wooden poles, H-frames, steel towers, and concrete structures that are used to keep conductors safely spaced at height from the ground.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Bilal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transmission line

Components

O Conductors
O Insulators
O Supports
O Cross arms
Conductors
Insulators

Use for
 Insulation
 Support

Made of
 Porcelain
 Glass
 & other synthetic insulating materials.

Should be
 High resistive to surface leakage currents
 Must be sufficiently thick to prevent break down under HV stresses
 Must be mechanically strong to with stand dynamic pull & weight of
conductors.
INSULATORS

There are several types of insulators


but the most commonly used are :
1)Pin Insulator
2)Suspension Insulator
3)Strain Insulator and
4)Shackle insulator.
PIN INSULATOR
 A pin insulator consists of a non conducting material
such as porcelain, glass, plastic, polymer, or wood.
 As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is
secured to the cross-arm on the pole.
 There is a groove on the upper end of the
insulator for housing the conductor.
 The conductor passes through this groove and is
bound by the annealed wire of the same material
as the conductor.
 Pin type insulators are used for transmission and
distribution of electric power at voltages upto 33
kV.
 Beyond operating voltage of 33 kV, the pin type
insulators become too bulky and hence
uneconomical
Fig.) Pin Insulator
SUSPENSION INSULATOR

Fig.) Glass suspension


insulator
 For high voltages (>33 kV), it is a usual practice
to use suspension type insulators consist of a
number of porcelain discs connected in series by
metal links in the form of a string.
 The conductor is suspended at the bottom end of
this string while the other end of the string is
secured to the cross-arm of the tower.
 Each unit or disc is designed for low voltage, say
11 kV.
 The number of discs in series would obviously
depend upon the working voltage.
 For instance, if the working voltage is 66 kV, then
six discs in series will be provided on the string.
Fig.) Suspension Insulator
Double String
STRAIN
INSULATOR
 When there is a dead end of the line or there is
corner or sharp curve, the line is subjected to
greater tension.
 In order to relieve the line of excessive tension,
strain insulators are used.
 For low voltage lines (< 11 kV), shackle insulators
are used as strain insulators.
 However, for high voltage transmission lines, strain
insulator consists of an assembly of suspension
insulators as shown in Figure.
 The discs of strain insulators are used in the
vertical plane.
 When the tension in lines is exceedingly high, at
long river spans, two or more strings are used in
parallel.
Fig.) Strain Insulator
SHACKLE INSULATOR
 In early days, the shackle insulators were
used as strain insulators.
 But now a days, they are frequently used
for low voltage distribution lines.
 Such insulators can be used either in a
horizontal position or in a vertical position.
 They can be directly fixed to the pole with
a bolt or to the cross arm.
Fig.) Shackle Insulator
Supporting structures
To keep the conductor at a safe height from ground and away
from each others

TYPES
 Wooden poles
 H- frame
 Steel towers
 RCC

O Wood is treated with creosote or metallic salts to prevent it


from rotting.
O Steel towers are made of galvanized iron pieces, bolted
together
O Spacing between the conductors must be sufficient to prevent
arc-over under gusty wind conditions, which increases with
increase in distance between towers and line voltage
Wooden Pole
H-Frame
RCC
E.G. Single Circuit
Double Circuit
Multi Circuits
Tower Erection
Tower Erection
Dampers
Dampers
Jumpers
Jumpers
Ground wire
Corona
Effect of snow
Effect of snow
Working on live conductors

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