Power Quality Enhancement Through

Shunt Active Power Filter

Under The Supervision of

Dr. A. S. Pandey Prof. A. K. Srivastava

PRESENTATION BY-
Rajesh Verma
Ro.No.- 14010310

Department of Electrical Engineering

Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur (U.P)
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Power quality
 Harmonics
 Sources of harmonics
 Active Power Filter
 Control Scheme
 Results
 Conclusion
 Future Scope
 References
 Introduction
In these days use of non linear loads has
increased since the advancement and easy
controllability in electrical power.
This results in generation of current harmonics
and reactive power in system network
Harmonics has several negative effects.
Active Power Filter devices has the ability to
avoid the such problems.
 Definition of power quality
Power quality is the set of limits of electrical
properties that allows electrical systems to
function in their intended manner without
significant loss of performance or life.
Reliable Mains:
 Magnitude (Rated Voltage)
 Frequency (50 Hz)
 Sustainability
 Harmonics
 Harmonics are the components, where the frequency
is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency.
 Harmonic distortion is measured by calculating
THD(Total harmonic distortion)

𝐼2
𝑇𝐻𝐷𝑖 = σ𝑛ℎ=2 ℎ2
𝐼1
 According to IEEE Std 519-1992,current THD has to
be less than 5%.
 Sources Of Harmonics
 Motor Drives, Soft Starters, UPS
 Industrial Loads, Single Phase Loads
 AC to DC Converters (Rectifiers)
 Unbalanced Load
 I.T. Hardware
 Computer
 Xerox machine
 Printer
 Effects of harmonics
Overheating
Voltage distortion & flickering
Interference
Insulation failure
Reduces the life-time of Equipment
Power loss
 Types Of Filter
 Passive filter
 Active power filter
 Hybrid filter

 Pasive Filters are composed of passive circuit

elements such as resistor,capacitor and
inductor
 For Passive Filters, the aim is to adjust the
resonance frequency of the filter to desired
harmonic elimination
 Active vs Passive Filters
 Passive Filters
– Cheap, Easy design, Reliable, High Efficiency
Disadvantages
– Resonance Problems, Tuning for fixed frequency
– Fixed Reactive Power Compensation, Large Size

• Active Filters
– No resonance problems, Can eliminate any harmonics (no
tuning), Voltage regulation, Reactive Power Compensation,
Reliable Operation
Disadvantages
– Expensive, Complex control systems
 An Introduction of Shunt Active Power
Filter
 The principle of the shunt filter is to produce
harmonic currents equal in magnitude but opposite
in-phase to those harmonics that are present in the
grid.
 Phase shift of the harmonic current is 180 degrees.
 Shunt Active Power Filter is a closed loop structure.
 Shunt Active Power Filter can compensate reactive
power and also mitigate harmonics and distortions.
Shunt Active Power Filter
Control Scheme Block Diagram
 Actual Implementation of p-q
Theory in SAPF
currents and Through
voltages are transformation,
taken as inputs Clarke transformation Instantaneous we get the real
to the filter Power calculation and imaginary
from the line or power values
load

Selection of power
𝛼𝛽 -current to be compensated
calculation

By applying Inverse
Clarke's transformation,
we get the actual abc
Inverse Clarke transformation
coordinates which can be
applied to the line again.
Clarke’s Transformation and It’s Inverse

• For a 3-phase system without a neutral/ground, we can neglect the zero sequence
component to make the matrices as
 Cont.…
 Using the Clarke’s transformation, we can convert the currents or
voltages into αβ frame(removing the zero sequence components) and
again back to 𝒂𝒃𝒄 frame using the inverse Clarke’s transformation

 We separate the apparent power(S) into real and imaginary parts

using the p-q theory.
𝒑 𝑽𝒂 𝑽𝜷 𝑰𝒂
𝒒 = 𝑽𝜷 −𝑽𝒂
* 𝑰
𝜷

ഥ+𝒑
Real/active power (p) = 𝒑 ෥
ഥ+𝒒
Imaginary/reactive power (q) = 𝒒 ෥
Simulink Block Diagram Of Shunt
Active Power Filter
Simulink Block Diagram of Control
Scheme of Shunt Active Power Filter
CASE-1 Nonlinear Balanced Load
without Shunt Active Power Filter
200
Vs

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20

0
Is

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
10
current
Load

-10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
 FFT Analysis of Supply Current
without Shunt Active Power Filter
Performance with Shunt Active
Power Filter
200
Vs

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20

0
Is

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
10
current
Load

-10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
 10

2
(current)
APF

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

500

400

300
Vdc

200

100

-100
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)
 1000
Power (watt)

500

0
0.05 0.055 0.06 0.065 0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085 0.09 0.095 0.1

500
Q (var)

-500
0.05 0.055 0.06 0.065 0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085 0.09 0.095 0.1
Time(sec)
FFT Analysis with SAPF
 100

50
Voltage & Current
0

-50

-100
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

voltage & current without Shunt Active Power Filter

100

50
Voltage & current

-50

-100
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

voltage & current with Shunt Active Power Filter

Case-2 Nonlinear Unbalanced Load
100
Vs

-100
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20

0
Is

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20
current
load

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Waveform of supply voltage, current and load

current without Shunt Active Power Filter
FFT analysis of phase(A) line current

FFT analysis of phase(B) line current

FFT analysis of phase(C) line current

 200

Vs
0

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time (sec)
20
Is

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20
current
Load

-20
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
20

10
current
APF

-10
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Waveform of supply voltage, current and load

current with Shunt Active Power Filter
FFT analysis of phase(A) line current with SAPF

FFT analysis of phase(B) line current with SAPF

FFT analysis of phase(C) line current with SAPF

 500

400

300

Vdc
200

100

-100
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

DC link capacitor voltage

1500

1000
P(watt)

500

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

1000

500
Q(var)

-500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Instantaneous power P and Q

Case-3 Dynamic Load
 FFT Analysis Of Dynamic Load
without Shunt Active Power Filter
FFT Analysis Of Dynamic Load with
Shunt Active Power Filter
Case-4 Compensation of Current with
Shunt Active Power Filter
200
Vs

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
100

50
Is

-50
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
50
current
APF

-50
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
50
current
Load

-50
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)
 6000

5000

4000

3000
P(watt)

2000

1000

-1000
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

5000

4000

3000

2000
Q(var)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Time(sec)

Instantaneous power P and Q

Comparison Table of THD for all Cases
FOR NON LINEAR BALANCED LOAD

PHASE WITHOUT SAPF WITH SAPF

A 21.66% 1.19%

B 21.66% 1.15%

C 21.66% 1.17%

FOR NON LINEAR UNBALANCED LOAD

PHASE WITHOUT SAPF WITH SAPF

A 9.77% 1.23%

B 26.11% 1.19%

C 19.29% 1.00%

FOR NONLINEAR DYANAMIC LOAD

PHASE WITHOUT SAPF WITH SAPF

A 20.13% 1.04%

B 20.13% 1.02%

C 20.13% 1.05%
Comparison Table Of Input Power
Factor
WITHOUT SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

.
TYPES OF LOAD INPUT POWER FACTOR

Nonlinear Balanced Load .9535

Nonlinear Unbalanced Load .9541

Nonlinear Dynamic Load .9547

WITH SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

Nonlinear Balanced Load .9982

Nonlinear Unbalanced Load .9989

Nonlinear Dynamic Load .9997

 Conclusion
 In case of nonlinear balanced load THD is 21.66%. But with
Shunt Active Power Filter current is in proper sinusoidal and its
THD is 1.19% which is permissible according to IEEE-519

 In case of nonlinear unbalance load THD of phase (A) 8A current

is 9.77% for phase (B) 10A current is 26.11% and for phase (C)
14A current is 19.29 % .But with Shunt Active Power Filter,
THD of phase (A) ,phase (B) and phase (C) are 1.23% , 1.19%
and 1.00% respectively and supply current is balanced.

 In case of two phases are kept open on load side, only one phase is
connected. It is found that Shunt Active Power Filter is working as
a load for remaining open phase
 Future Scope

the work done in this project can be further

extended such new improvement can be found
the feasible options are-
 To implement the control strategy using Artificial
Intelligence (AI) techniques
 Experimental investigation can be done on shunt
active power filters by developing a prototype model
in the laboratory to verify this simulation results for
controller
 Appendix
S.NO. Parameters Value

1 Supply voltage & 100, 50 Hz

frequency
2 Source Impendence R= 0.1Ohm L= .15mH

3 DC Link Capacitor Voltage 300V

4 Coupling Inductance 1.5mH

5 Capacitor 1120e-6

6 Non Linear Balanced R=20 Ohm , L=20mH

Load DC side
7 Non-Linear Unbalanced R=20 Ohm, L=30mH
Load DC side R=10 Ohm, L=100mH
R=5 Ohm, L=0.3mH
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.
Thank You