संयंत्र का विस्तारीकरण

बढ़ते कदम

By : Abhishek Shrivastava, Dy. Manager (Projects)

 विस्तारीकरण क्यं ?
विश्व इस्पात पररदृष्य

1. अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष की ररपोर्ट के अनुसार भारत विश्व में तेजी से उभरता
हुआ बाज़ार है ।

2. भारत में इस्पात की खपत तेजी से बढ़ रही है ।

3. विश्व की नामी-विरामी इस्पात कंपवनयााँ भारत में अपनी इस्पात इकाईयााँ लिा
रही हैं ।

4. भारत में ‘सेल’ के साथ-साथ अन्य कंपवनयााँ भी पुरानी इकाईयों का

विस्तारीकरण कर रही हैं या नई इस्पात इकाईयााँ लिा रही हैं ।
Top Steel Producers
Source: http://www.worldsteel.org
 Per Capita Consumption of Finished Steel

World average 215

European Union 240.7
Taiwan 491
South Korea 936.1
China 427
USA 186.9
Russia 176.3
Canada 283.7
Japan 418.9
India 57
 FINANCES OF SAIL/BSP
YEAR NET LOSS / PROFIT
2002-03 (-) 1707 CRORES
2003-04 (-) 304 CRORES
2004-05 * (+) 6817 CRORES*
2005-06 (+) 4013 CRORES
2006-07 (+) 6202 CRORES
2007-08 (+) 7537 CRORES
2008-09 (+) 6170 CRORES
2009-10 (+) 6754 CRORES
2010-11 (+) 4905 CRORES
2011-12 (+) 3545 CRORES
2012-13 +2170 Crores 6

2013-2014 +2600 Crores

CHALLENGES
 CHALLENGES

• Stiff Competition: Many Steel Plants coming up in India &

abroad: TATA; JINDAL; ESSAR; POSCO; MITTAL;NMDC etc.
in India itself. Investment planned in India for 275.7MTPA.

• Globally, besides traditional exporters, new players are coming

up. e,.g. Iran will become one of the main exporters by 2016.

• Cost & Quality has to be ensured by SAIL for competing in the

market

• Modernisation takes care of technical parameters only.

• Benchmarks related to HR aspects also have to be ensured.

 ...Challenges

Labour Productivity (T/M/Y):

• SAIL-241;
• BSP-310;
• RINL-382;
• TISCO-510;

Note: Avg. of Developed Countries-600;

 ...Challenges

Employee Cost
(% of total expenditure):

SAIL-19 %;
TATA Steel- 13.7%;
RINL-14%;
ISPAT-2.75%;
ESSAR-2.6%;
JSW-2.5%
 ...Challenges

Employee Cost
(% of total expenditure):

SAIL-19 %;
TATA Steel- 13.7%;
RINL-14%;
ISPAT-2.75%;
ESSAR-2.6%;
JSW-2.5%
• Integrated Steel Plants
• Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) in Chhattisgarh
• Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) in West Bengal
• Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) in Orissa
• Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) in Jharkhand
• IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) in West Bengal
• Special Steel Plants
• Alloy Steels Plants (ASP) in West
Bengal
• Salem Steel Plant (SSP) in Tamil Nadu
• Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL)
in Karnataka
• Joint Ventures
• NTPC SAIL Power Company Pvt. Limited (NSPCL): A 50:50 joint
venture between Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) and National Thermal
Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC Ltd); manages SAIL’s captive power plants
at Rourkela, Durgapur and Bhilai with a combined capacity of 814
megawatts (MW).
• Bokaro Power Supply Company Pvt. Limited (BPSCL): This 50:50
joint venture between SAIL and the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is
managing the 302-MW power generating station and 660 tonnes per hour
steam generation facilities at Bokaro Steel Plant.
• Mjunction Services Limited: A 50:50 joint venture between SAIL and
Tata Steel; promotes e-commerce activities in steel and related areas. Its
newly added services include e-assets sales, events & conferences, coal
sales & logistics, publications, etc.
• The Government of India owns about 75% of
SAIL's equity and retains voting control of the
Company. However, SAIL, by virtue of its
‘Maharatna’ status, enjoys significant
operational and financial autonomy
 Product Mix –Bhilai Steel Plant

• PRODUCT-MIX TONNES/ANNUM Semis

5,33,000 Rail & Heavy Structural 7,50,000
Merchant Products
(Angles, Channels, Round & TMT bars)
5,00,000
• Wire Rods 4,20,000
• Plates (up to 3600 mm wide) 9,50,000
• Total Saleable steel 31,53,000
• Ferro Alloy Plant
• Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant
• Refractory Manufacturing
• SAIL Refractory Company Limited
• NO MOBILE PHONE

• NO HANDICAM

• NO SUCH TYPE OF ELECTRONICS

ITEMS ARE ALLOWED INSIDE THE
PLANT
 BHILAI STEEL PLANT HAS WON THE PRESTIGIOUS PRIME
MINISTER TROPHY FOR BEST INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT IN INDIA
11TH TIME
1)1992-93

2)1993-94

3)1995-96

4)1996-97

5)1997-98

6)2003-04

7)2004-05

8)2006-07

9)2007-08

10)2009-10

11)2011-12
136 Villages in 16 km Periphery
 RAW MATERIALS FOR BHILAI STEEL PLANT

Raw Material Source State Consumer Unit

#
1. Iron Ore Fines Dalli Rajhara C.G. SP-I,II,III
2. Iron Ore Lumps Dalli Rajhara C.G. BFs
3. High Silica Lime Stone Nandini C.G. SP-I,II,III
4. High Silica Dolomite Hirri Mines C.G. SP-I,II,III

Jaiselmer , Katni, Rajasthan

5. Low Silica Lime Stone RMP-II, SMS-II
Kuteshwar M.P.

High Silica Manganese

6. Ramteke Tirodi Maharastra BF-I,VII
Ore

Bhojudih,
7. Coal (Indigenous) Sudamdih,Nandan, Jharkhand Coke Ovens
Rajarappa,Swan

Australia,
8. Coal (Imported) Abroad Coke Ovens
New Zealand
 EXISTING PRODUTION FACILITIES
OF BHILAI STEEL PLANT
Coke Ovens Batteries:10 Nos-8 Batteries of
4.35m height consisting of 65 ovens each
9 & 10 Batteries of 7m height consisting of 67
ovens each.
Blast Furnaces: 7 Nos -
Blast Furnaces no 1,2 &3 each of
1033cu.m volume
Blast Furnaces no 4,5 & 6 each of
1719 cu.m volume
Blast Furnace no 7 of2350 cu.m volume
• Sintering Plants: 3 Nos -SP-1 : 4*50 sqm hearth area
• SP-2 : 3*75sqm hearth area
• 1*80 sqm hearth area
• SP-3 : 1*320 sqm heath area
• Steel Melting Shop-1 -4 Twin Hearth Furnaces
• Steel Melting Shop-ll - Convertor Shop :
• 3 BOF 110/130 T LD Convertors
• _Secondary Refining Facilities : 1
VAD unit, RH Degasser, RH (Ruhrstahi Heraus)
• Ladle furnace
• Continuous Casting Shop--
• 3 Slab Casters, 1 bloom caster,1 combi caster
Finishing Mill- Blooming & Billet Mill, Rail&
Structural Mill, Plate Mill ,Merchant Mill, Wire
Rod Mill.
• Auxiliary Units _
• Two Captive Power Plants-one captive
Capacity-3*12+1*15=51 MW, and
other in joint Venture with 104 MW total
power generation capacity
• Two Oxyen Plants, Acetylene Plant
• Refractory Materials for production of
MagCarb brick ,Sinter dolo,lime
• Foundry&Engg. Shops for captive manufactu
of spares,Assemblies,mould, forging
•
• Coal Chemicals units for recovery of various
products from
• Coal carbonization
• Slag granulation Plants
PRODUTION PLAN FOR 2013-14
SAIL : BSP/PPC UNIT : 000T
ITEM Plan
OVEN PUSHING (Eq 682
nos/day )
SINTER :SP-I 00
SP-II 3650
SP-III 4000
TOTAL SINTER 7650
HOT METAL 5300
PIG IRON 2
CRUDE STEEL
SMS-I 2430
SMS-II 2750
TOTAL CRUDE STEEL 5180
SMS-II -SLABS 1730
-BLOOMS 1020
TOTAL 2750
INGOT ROLLING 2490
BILLETS PRODN. 1930
SALEABLE STEEL
RSM :RAILS 915
HY STRUCTURALS 35

TOTAL 950
UTS-90 790.475
MERCHANT PRODUCTS 575

WIRE RODS 625

PLATES 1250
TOTAL FINISHED STEEL 3510

BBM :BLOOMS 155

: BILLETS 560
CCS : BLOOMS 25
: SLABS 300
TOTAL SEMIS 1040
TOTAL 4550
SALEABLE
STEEL
 SINTER
• Sinter is a porous lumpy agglomerate of ore
fines waste solid, coke fuels, sized flux and
other metallurgical waste
• Dwight-Lloyd Sintering Machine
• Principle :- Like cigarette puffing
• Reaction during sinter making
• C+O2=CO2
• 2C+O2=2CO
• CO+3Fe2O3=2Fe3O4+CO2
• CO+Fe3O4=FeO+CO2
• FeO so formed combines with SiO2 & flux
resulting in the formation of fluxed Sinter
• During Sintering each layer below the ignited top
layer undergoes changes in order :- 1) Wet Ore
• 2) Drying (Moisture Removal)
• 3)Preheating
• 4) Calcining
• 5)Combustion
• 6) Cooling
• Steps Involved in Sintering
• 1)Base Mix Preparation
• 2) Sinter Making
• 3) Cooling & Dispatch
• For 17000 T Hot Metal---- 22000 T/day Sinter
required
• SP-1 -----1500-2000
• SP-2------10000-12000
• SP-3------10000-12000
• +6mm Sized Sinter-------BF
• -6mm Sized Sinter-------Recycle
• WL----Wind Leg
• Exhauster
•
•
•
• SINTERING PLANT-II
• Base Mix Preparation
• Size= -3mm (Max.)
• Flux
• Coke
• Iron Ore
• Moisture:- 7%
• Sintering Machine
•
• Sinter Breaker
• Screen
•
• +6mm to BF -6mm to Recycle
 COKE OVEN & COAL CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT
• Coke Oven Batteries 10 Nos
• 1-8 Batteries of 4.35 Mts Height of 65 Ovens
• 9&10 Batteries of 7.0 Mts Height of 67 Ovens
• Heating in absence of air 17-18 Hrs up to 1200 Co
• Micum Test: - M40-----Hardness
• M10-----Abrasion Resistance
• 50 Kg of Coke (+50mm size) is charged in drum Length &Dia-
1mt,rotation---100 Revolution at the rate of 25 rpm
• The product screen on 50, 40, 10
• M40------Min-----75%
• M10------Max-----10%
• PVR---Pair Vertical Recirculation
• Blending of Coal:--
• PCC----10%
• MCC—15%
• Imported—75%
 COKE- OVENS
Parameter Battery 1 -8 Battery 9 & 10
Length 14.08 Mtrs 16.00 Mtrs
Height 4.30 Mtrs 7.00 Mtrs
Width(Pusher 382 mm 385 mm
Side)
Width(Coke 482 mm 485 mm
Side)
Useful Volume 21.6 Cubic 30.0 Cubic M
M
• Blend Coal Analysis:--
• Moisture—7.0-8.0%
• Ash----------12-13%
• V.M. --------24-25%
• Fixed Carbon---58-60%
• Burners---
• 1-8----24 burners in each wall
• 9&10—32 Burners in each wall
• One ton of dry Coal contains
• 300-310 CUM Gas
• 330 Kg Tar
• 28% Ammonia
• LIFE OF BATTERY IN INDIAN CONDITION-25
YEARS.
• Red Hot Coke is quenched by Phenolic water
• 50 cum/Hr—2-5 Minutes
 Iron-Making Reactions

UPPER STACK < 9000 C

1 3Fe2O3 + CO = 2Fe3O4 + CO2
2 Fe3O4 + CO = 3FeO + CO2

MIDDLE ZONE (900-11000 C)

3 FeO + CO = Fe + CO2
4 FeO + H2 = Fe + H2O

LOWER ZONE (> 11000C)

5 CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
6 FeO + CO = Fe + CO2
7 C + CO2 = 2CO
8 FeO + C = Fe + CO
9 P2O5 + 5C = 2P + 5CO
10 SiO + C = Si + CO
11 SiO2 + C = SiO + CO
12 [S] + CaO + C -> (CaS) + CO

COMBUSTION AT TUYERE ( 1900 - 22000C )

13 C + O2 -> CO2
14 C + H2 O -> CO + H2
 Blast Furnace
Iron-Making Reactions
1 2Fe2O3+CO=Fe3O4+CO 7 SiO2+2C=Si+2CO

2 Fe2O3+8CO=2Fe+7CO2+C 8 FeS+CaO+C=Fe+CaS+CO

3 Fe3O4+CO=FeO+CO2 9 P2O5+5C=2P+5CO

4 FeO+CO=Fe+CO2 10 MnO+C=Mn+CO

5 CaCO3=CaO+CO2 11 H2O+C=H2+CO

6 C+CO2=2CO 12 2C+O2=2CO
Blast furnace diagram
1. Hot blast from Cowper stoves
2. Melting zone (bosh)
3. Reduction zone of ferrous oxide
(barrel)
4. Reduction zone of ferric oxide (stack)
5. Pre-heating zone (throat)
6. Feed of ore, limestone, and coke
7. Exhaust gases
8. Column of ore, coke and limestone
9. Removal of slag
10. Tapping of molten pig iron
11. Collection of waste gases
 For One ton of Hot Metal
Inputs
Fe through Iron Ore and Sinter 960 Kg
1
2 Total Fuel 551 Kg
Limestone 5 Kg
4 LD Slag 10 Kg
5 CaO input (Through Sinter,LD Slag & Limestone) 140 Kg
6 Manganese Ore 5 Kg
7 Air Blast 1600 M3
8 Sinter in Burden 64.2 %

Outputs
1 Hot Metal 1000 Kg

2 Slag 396 Kg

3 Dust 10 Kg

4 BF Gas 1670 M3
Composition of Blast Furnace Products
Hot Metal Slag Blast Furnace-
Gas

Si-0.5-0.8 SiO2-32-33% CO-25-26%

Mn-0.8-1.0 Al2O3-19-20% CO2-15-16%
S-0.04% Max CaO-31-33% N2-55-57%
P-0.20% MgO-9-10% H2-2-3%
C-4-5% MnO-<1.0%
Basicity-
CaO/SiO2-0.98
 STEEL MELTING SHOP-l
Steel-Making :-Steel making is the process of
removing impurities from Pig Iron (Iron &
Steel scrap) and then adding certain
elements in predetermined amount to arrive
the desired chemical composition and
properties in the final metal product .
 Hearth-1 Hearth-2
Solid Period Tapping Liquid Hot Metal
Fettling Period pouring
Charging Melting &
Refining
Heating &Sil Holding
Making

Liquid Period Hot Metal Solid Period Tapping

pouring Fettling
Melting & Charging
Refining Heating
Holding &Sil
Making
• One cycle completed in 240
minutes(approx.)
• 4 Twin Hearth Furnaces 250*2
• Reactions in O.H. Furnaces
• 1) Si +2FeO=SiO2+Fe H=-70200 Cal.
• 2)Mn+FeO=MnO+Fe ; H =-26800 Cal.
• 3)2P+5FeO=P2O5+5F ; H =-45600 Cal.
• 4) C+FeO=CO +Fe ; H =-37600 Cal.
• 5) CaCO3 =CaO+CO2
• 6)CO2+C = 2CO ;
• 7) 2P+5FeO+3CaO=(3CaO)P2O5+Fe ;
• 8) FeS +CaO =CaS+FeO ;
• STEEL MELTING SHOP – 2
• Mixer --- 2 Nos 1300 * 2
• 3 L D Converters 130.0 T
• Average Heat Weight 120 T
• Tap to Tap Time - 60 Minutes
• 1) Charging - 5 Minutes ;
• 2) Oxygen Blowing - 20 Minutes ;
• 3) Sampling & Temp . Measurement – 8 Minutes ;
• 4) Tapping - 5 Minutes ;
• 5) Nitrogen Splashing , Coating ,Deslagging -7
Minutes ;
• TOTAL TIME = 50
MINUTES
• PRODUCTION PLAN FOR 2013-14 = 2.75 M.T.
• Slabs - 1.73 M.T. ;
• Blooms - 1.02 M.T.
• BLOOMING & BILLET MILL

• INPUT/RAW MATERIAL- INGOTS

• OUTPUT-BLOOM &BILLET

• PRODUCTION PLAN FOR 2013-14 = 2.49

M.T. Ingot Rolling
• Billet Production - 1.930 M.T.
•
 BLOOM SIZES
• 320 X 320 mm
• 265 X 340 mm
• 260 x 300 mm
• Shaped blooms for Beam -450 & Beam
600 mm.
• Narrow width slab – 200 x 320mm
• Narrow width slab – 200 x 420 mm
Length of Bloom 4.0 – 6.0 Mts
 BILLETS
• 150 X 150 mm
• 105 X 105 mm
• 90 x 90mm
• 110X110mm
• 100X100mm
• Length – 5.0 -12.0 Mts
 SLAB
• 200X1300mm

• 200X1500mm Length from 1850-3350 mm

• 250 x 1500mm
 MERCHANT PRODUCTS
RAW MATERIAL : BILLETS
ROUND BARS :28,32,36,40,50,53,56,60,63 &
67 MM DIA
TMT Bars : 28,32,36,40and 45mm dia
ANGLES : 50 X 50
65 X 65
75X 75
80X80
90 X 90
Thickness ranging 5-10 mm
• Products
• Plain Rounds : dia 28, 32, 36,40, 50,53, 56, 63
& 67
• TMT Bars : 25,28, 32, 36, 40 & 45
• Lt. Structurals :Channel 100 x 50, 75 x 40
• Angles : 50 x 50 x 5 upwards to 90 x 90 x 10
• * Customised product campaigns are being
taken up for shorter durations in case of light
structurals and rounds for compliance of
smaller quantity orders as per committed
delivery within the month
 CHANNELS

• 100X50 mm

• 75X40 mm
WIRE ROD MILL
 WIRE ROD MILL
• RAW MATERIALS –BILLET

• Wire Rods (Plain, Electrode Quality &

TMT) in 5.5, 6, 7, 8 & 10 mm plain and
ribbed, and 12 mm plain in coil form
• 8, 10, and 12 mm TMT

• PRODUCTION PLAN FOR 2013-14 =

630000 T
• RAIL & STRUCTURAL MILL
PRODUCTION PLAN FOR 2012-13 :-
• Rails - 915000 T
• Heavy Structurals - 35000 T
• Total - 950000 T
 RAIL & HEAVY
STRUCTURAL
Products
Rails - R52 Kg/m & R60 Kg/m ;

UTS 880 N/mm2 rails as per IRST-12/96 specifications

,
Euronorms and international standards.

Thick web asymmetric rail Zu 1-60

Beams - 600,500,450,400,350,300 & 250.

Channels - 400,300 & 250.
Angles - 200 & 150.
Crossing Sleeper.
Crane Rails - KP80, 100,120 & 140.
Bhilai is the sole supplier of the country's longest rail tracks of 260 metres.
IMPORTANT –
The length of rails produced
so far since inceptions is
sufficient to encircle the globe
more than 9.9 times
Bhilai Rails

Largest producer and leading rail maker of the world.

Four and a half decades of experience in rail making.

Produced over 15 million tonnes of rails; 2.7 lakh km in length.

Indian Railways- World’s second largest rail company moves exclusively on

Bhilai rails.

Bhilai rails are subjected to world’s highest traffic density and axle loads.

Rails exported to 10 countries with exports to South Korea, New Zealand,

Argentina, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Ghana, Bangladesh and Malaysia
 PLATE MILL
RAW MATERIAL – SLAB
PLATES SIZES
Thickness - 07-120mm
Width - 1500-3200mm
Length - 4500-12500 mm
• PRODUCTION PLAN FOR 2012-13 =
1250000 T
 PLATE MILL
QUALITY OF PLATS
i) Boiler Quality - I.S.2062
(Gr-I,II&III)
- I.S.2002
(Gr-I,II&III)
II) High Tensile
III) Mild Steel
IV) Ship Building - SBQ Lloyd Gr.A
Quality ABS Gr.A
 MARKETING PROCESS

Prod.Planning /
Customer Branch SRM Marketing PPC HeatMaking

Dispatch Inspection &

Shipping Bay Rolling shops
(Rail or Road) Testing (R&C Lab)
 SECONDARY IRON
&
STEEL PRODUCT

• Selling of secondary products through

online forward auction (OLFA)

• Through : metaljunction.com as per the

corporate guidelines.
 COAL CHEMICAL
&
FERTILIZERS
Benzene Granulated Pitch
Toluene PCM
Xylene Wash Oil
Solvent Oil Heavy Creosote Oil.
Still Bottom Oil Sodium Phenolate
Naptha
Heavy Benzol
Ammonium Sulphate
Anthracene Oil
Crude coal tar
 COAL CHEMICAL & FERTILIZERS

• Marketing – Presently both fixed price &

OLFA adopted for selling these products.
• Dynamic Pricing System is adopted for
these product as per market trends.
• Uses: chemical Industries, Dye Industries,
aluminium Industry, Agricultural Sector
 MAJOR CUSTOMERS
Indian Railways
“ There’s a little bit of SAIL in every body’s life”
Rails Indian Railways, Export
Heavy Structural Construction
Crane Rails Crane
Crossing Sleepers Broad Gauge sleepers
Merchant Product Engg.&Construction.
Light Structured
Med. Rounds
Heavy Rounds
WIRE ROD – PLAIN Construction
WIRE ROD RIBBED & TMT
Wire Rods E.Q Electrodes
Plates Boilers, Defence, Railways, Ship
Building, LPG Cylinder, Exports, ATM
M/c

Billets Re-rollers & Sister unites of SAIL.

Bloom
Narrow width slab Foundry
Pig Iron
Plates Boilers, Defence, Railways, Ship
Building, LPG Cylinder, Exports, ATM
M/c

Billets Re-rollers & Sister unites of SAIL.

Bloom
Narrow width slab Foundry
Pig Iron
SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE –Construction of Stadiums

AIRPORTS – SAIL- TMT , MUMBAI,DELHI

J K RAILWAYS - PLATES, TMT, STRUCTURALS
BANDRA-WORLI SEA LINK – 14000 MATRIC TON
DELHI METRO
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT – TAPI INDIRA SAGAR RAJEV
SAGAR
STEEL PLANTS – FOR THEIR CONSTRUCTION
WIND MILL - PLATES 10-40 MM PLATES
 Detail of Coke-Oven Gas, BFGas,
Convertor Gas

S No Ingradients of Coke- Blast- Convert-

Gas Oven Gas Furnace or Gas
Gas
1 H2 59.2 3.1 2.4
2 CH4 24.4 - -

3 CO 8.7 22.0 55.2

4 CmHn 2.1 - -
5 N2 2.1 54.9 22.4
6 CO2 3.2 19.8 19.2
7 O2 0.3 0.2 0.8

8 Calorific 4300 773 1720

Value
Kcal/M3
9 Colour Colourles Colourles Colourles
s s s
10 Odour Having Odourless Odourless
smellof
H2S
11 Weight Lighter Slightly Heavier
than Air Heavier

12 Explosion Limit 6-30 43-70 20-70

in Air

13 Production/Ton 300- 3200 M3 70-80 M3

315M3

14 Poisonous Yes Yes Yes

Deadly
Poisonous Effect of Gas :-When a man
inhales BF gas the carbon monoxide
present in it reacts with hemoglobin of
blood forming carboxyhaemoglobin and
replacing oxygen out of it .
 The affinity of carbon monoxide for
hemoglobin is 300 times than that of Oxygen.
Due to Oxygen starvation in the hemoglobin of
blood the tissues in the blood which depends
upon Oxygen can not function properly.
Resulting in the effect like dizziness,
headache and shivering or weakness in
moderate quantity of inhalation of gas
.Prolonged exposure in excess of 0.2 % of the
gas will kill the man exposed.
 Heat Stroke

Overview
Heat stroke is the most severe of all heat-related illness .
Heat stroke could be life – threatening
.
Causes
Cooling mechanism of the body fails due to
Excessive humidity .
Extreme heat
Activity in the hot sun .
Internal body temperature rises , leading to stroke .

Risk Factors
Dehydration
Infants & older people
People who work long hours outdoor
Obesity
Impairment in sweat gland function
Cardiovascular
Alcohal usage
Medications
 Symptoms

Body temperature , greater than 1040F

Head ache Dizziness

Confusion Disorientation

Fatigue Hot dry skin

Skin is moist, if stroke is due to exertion

Rapid/shallow breathing

Rapid heartbeat Absence of sweating

Fluctuating blood pressure

Irritability Confusion

Lack of consciousness/coma
 Treatment
Carry the person to a shady place

Cool the person by sponging with wet towel

Apply ice packs in armpits and groin

Water with electrolyte, fruit/vegetable juice should be given

Victim must be rested

Prevention
Avoid outdoor activity during excessive heat

Drink plenty of fluids when working outdoors

During outdoor activity , splash your body frequently with water

Avoid alcohol/coffee/soda

Wear light weight , light-colored , loose-fitting clothes

Protect yourself from the sun by wearing sun glasses and hat
 • THANK YOU .

HAVE A NICE DAY