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Business Mathematics: Week 9: Differentiation

This document covers differentiation and finding the derivative of functions. It includes: 1) Defining the slope/gradient of a line and tangent line, and how the derivative represents the slope of a curve. 2) Explaining the notation f'(x) and dy/dx for the derivative and how to estimate it from the graph. 3) Discussing rules for differentiation including power, constant, sum, difference, chain, product, and quotient rules. 4) Providing examples of differentiating common functions like polynomials and examples applying the rules. 5) Listing practice exercises differentiating various functions using the rules.

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Borhan Nordin Daud
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views

Business Mathematics: Week 9: Differentiation

This document covers differentiation and finding the derivative of functions. It includes: 1) Defining the slope/gradient of a line and tangent line, and how the derivative represents the slope of a curve. 2) Explaining the notation f'(x) and dy/dx for the derivative and how to estimate it from the graph. 3) Discussing rules for differentiation including power, constant, sum, difference, chain, product, and quotient rules. 4) Providing examples of differentiating common functions like polynomials and examples applying the rules. 5) Listing practice exercises differentiating various functions using the rules.

Uploaded by

Borhan Nordin Daud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Business Mathematics:

Differentiation
Week 9
The derivative of a function

Objectives
Find the slope of the straight line any
two points on the line.
Recognize the notation f’(x) and dy/dx
for the derivative of a function
Estimate the derivative of a function by
measuring the slope of a tangent
Differentiate power function.
Slope or gradient

The slope or gradient of a line is taken to be


the change in y divided by the corresponding
change in x as you move between any two
points on the line.
Slope = Δy / Δx
Find the slope of the straight line passing
through (1,2) and (3,4); (1,2) and (4,1); (1,2)
and (5,2)
Tangent
A straight line which passes through a point on a
curve and which just touches the curve at this point
is called a tangent.
The slope or gradient, of a curve at x=a is then
defined to be that of the tangent at x=a
f ’(a) read ‘f dashed of a’ to represent the slope
of the graph of a function f at x = a; gives the
gradient of the curve at this point. Whereby f (a)
gives the height of the curve above the x axis at
a=a.
Derived function
The slope of the graph of a function is called the
derivative of the function.
The slope function is usually referred to as the
derived function dy/dx read ‘dee y by dee x’…does
not mean dy divided by dx..
dy /dx ..should be thought of as a single symbol
representing the derivative of y with respect to x.
y =x2 or f (x) = x2
Then derived function dy/ dx , f ‘ (x) seem more
appropriate.
Differentiation

The process of finding the derived function


symbolically (rather using the graphs).
In order to differentiate xn all that needs to be
done is to bring the power down to the front
and then substract 1 from the power.
If f(x)=xn then f’(x) = nxn-1 equivalent of y=xn
then dy/dx = nxn-1
Example - Differentiate

y = x4
y = x10
y=x
y=1
y = x4
y = 1/x4 = y=x-4
y = x1/2
Exercises

y = x5
y = x6
y = x100
y = 1/x
y = 1/x2
Differentiate
The constant rule
If h(x) = cf(x) then h’(x)= cf’(x) for any constant c.
<<differentiate the function and multiply by the
constant>>
Examples: y=2x4; y=10x; y=4x3; y=2/x
The sum rule
If h(x) = f(x) + g(x) then h’(x)= f’(x) + g’(x)
<<differentiate each function separately and
add>>
Examples: y=x2+x50 ; y=x2+3; y=x5+x ; y=x2+5
Differentiate

The difference rule


If h(x) = f(x) - g(x) then h’(x)= f’(x) - g’(x)
<<differentiate each function separately and
subtract>>
Examples: y=x5 - x2 ; y=x-(1/x2); y=x2 – x3 ;
y=50 - (1/x3)
Differentiate

y = 3x5+2x3 Q=P2 + P + 1
y = x3 + 7x2-2x + 10 TR = 50Q – 3Q2
y = 2x1/2+(3/x) AC = (30/Q) + 10
y = 9x5+2x2 Л = -2Q3 + 15Q2 -
y = x2 + 6x + 3 24Q - 3
y = 2x4 + 12x3 -4x2 + 7x - 400
Differentiate

The chain rule


dy/dx = dy/du * du/dx
y= (2x+3)10 then we let u = 2x + 3, so y =u10
find dy/du then du/dx then we get dy/dx
The product rule
If y=uv then dy/dx= (u)dv/dx + (v)du/dx
y=x2(2x + 1)3 then we let u= x2 and v= (2x + 1)3 ,
so y = uv then find
Differentiate

The quotient rule


If y = u/v then dy/dx = (v) du/dx – (u) dv/dx
--------------------------
v2
Examples: find dy/dx
y = x / (1+x)
y = (1+x2) / (2-x3)
Exercise
1) Differentiate the g) y=f(u)=(u2-5u)1/2 and
following with respect u = g(x) = 4/x
to x.
a) y=x(1 – x - x2) h) f(x) = 7x6-8x5+3x3+90
b) y=9/(1 – x –x2)1/2 i) f(x) = (18+x) / (x3 +8)3
c) y=4x3 + x4 – x-2 j) f(x) = (x2-10x) / (x3+5x2-x)
d) y=x/6 – 3x2 k) f(x) = (5x4 /3) + 2x3
e) y=(3x2 – x + 7)1/5 l) f(x) = (5-x+3x2) (x8+5x3-10x2)
f) y=f(u)= u3-4 and m) f(x) = 3(x + 4/x )
u=g(x) = x2 + 3 n) f(x) = (5x2 – 10x)5
o) f(x) = (x2 + 6)1/3
Thank you

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