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4G Wireless Technology

4G is a wireless network technology that provides faster data transmission speeds than previous generations. 4G networks use an all-IP packet switched network and technologies like OFDM to provide speeds up to 1Gbps for stationary devices and 100Mbps for mobile devices. The transition to 4G requires upgrading network infrastructure and devices to support IP-based transmission using technologies like IPv6, VoIP, and ad-hoc mesh networking. This major upgrade allows for more efficient use of wireless spectrum and bandwidth.

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62 views27 pages

4G Wireless Technology

4G is a wireless network technology that provides faster data transmission speeds than previous generations. 4G networks use an all-IP packet switched network and technologies like OFDM to provide speeds up to 1Gbps for stationary devices and 100Mbps for mobile devices. The transition to 4G requires upgrading network infrastructure and devices to support IP-based transmission using technologies like IPv6, VoIP, and ad-hoc mesh networking. This major upgrade allows for more efficient use of wireless spectrum and bandwidth.

Uploaded by

rajmoyal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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4G Wireless

Technology

Presented
By RAJ MOYAL
4G Definition

 4G is a collection of technologies at
creating fully packet-switched networks
optimized for data.

 4G Networks are projected to provide


speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.

 1G had two major improvements:


 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
2G Technology

 Around 1980’s

 Better quality & capacity - More people


could use there phones at the same
time

 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s


Previous Technology - 2G

 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s


 Digital signal:
 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
Previous Technology - 2G

 Allows for lower powered radio signals that


require less battery.

 Power–CODEC introduction -program that


encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal.
 Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa.
Previous Technology - 2G

 Function of codec
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

 Cell towers had a limited coverage


area
 Decay curve
 Abrupt dropped calls
 Analog –gradual sound reduction
 “Spotty” coverage
3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities

 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for


mobile systems and up to 2Mbps.

 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz


 A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth.
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming.
Previous Technology - 3G

 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

 Form of multiplexing

 Does not divide up the channel by time or


frequency.

 Encodes data with a special code


associated with each channel.
Types of Multiplexing

 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple


Access
 Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call.
Types of Multiplexing

 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access


 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted.
Types of Multiplexing

 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access


 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission.
Reasons for New Research

 Even though 3G has successfully been


introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses.

 Great differences in the licensing terms.

 3G phones are expensive.


Fourth Generation
4G Technology

 Fourth Generation Technology


 Faster and more reliable
 100 Mb/s
 Lower cost than previous generations

Technology used……

 Ad Hoc Networking
 Smart antenna
 IPv6
 VOIP
 OFDM used instead of CDMA
Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices.

 Not necessarily connected


to internet.

 4G will create hybrid


wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks.

 Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable.
Smart Antennas
 Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the
user as they move.
 Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other
users without worry of interference.
 Can’t keep up transmission speeds while device is
moving fast (i.e. in a car)
– Only 32Mb/s at 62mph (vs 100Mb/s)
 Seamless handoff between towers/access points.
One transmit antenna, two receive antennas–
Allows connection to two access points at once.
Mobile IPv6
 • More addresses than current version of IP protocol
(Version 4) - each device can have own IP.

 – Keep IP address even if you change access point.

 – Presently translate IP with each change because not


enough IP addresses to go around.

 IP Core- everything can talk to each other if they speak


the same “language” (protocol).
How 4G works (working principle)
 The IP address is based on IPv6.

 IPv4: X.X.X.X (32 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9

 IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120

home care-of mobile IP local network


address address address address
Mobile VoIP
“Voice Over Internet Protocol”
 Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred, eliminating
complexity of 2 protocols over the same circuit.

 All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet


– lower latency data transmission (faster
transmission).

 Samples voice between 8,000 & 64,000 times per second


and creates stream of bits which is then compressed and
put into a packet.
OFDM
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
 Allows for transfer of more data than other forms of
multiplexing (time, frequency, code, etc).
 Simplifies the design of the transmitter & receiver.
 Allows for use of almost the entire frequency band
– No gaps to prevent interference.
 Currently used in WiMax (802.16) and Wi-Fi
(802.11a/g).
How OFDM Works
 It uses binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The
phase of the sine wave changes to represent a
different bit.
OFMD

 The frequencies are spaced so that the signals do


not interfere with each other (no cross talk).
 Parallel Data Transmission - Allows for the sending
of multiple signals simultaneously from the same
antenna to one device.
–Each transmission has a different stream of
bits.
Disadvantages

 Unfortunately, to use packet, all cellular hardware will need to


be upgraded or replaced.

 Consumers will be required to purchase new phones, and


providers will need to install new equipment in towers.

 Essentially, the communication system will need to be rebuilt


from the ground up, running off of data packets instead of
voice information.
Thanking You

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