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2.classification of NB

This document discusses the classification and care of newborns. It describes how newborns are classified by gestational age (preterm, term, postterm) and birth weight (very low, low, normal, macrosomia). Newborns are also classified as small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, or large for gestational age based on weight compared to gestational age. Preterm infants are at risk for various respiratory, cardiovascular, blood, gastrointestinal and neurological complications. Postterm infants may experience meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, or polycythemia and require monitoring for medical issues.

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Tesfamichael Abathun
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74 views

2.classification of NB

This document discusses the classification and care of newborns. It describes how newborns are classified by gestational age (preterm, term, postterm) and birth weight (very low, low, normal, macrosomia). Newborns are also classified as small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, or large for gestational age based on weight compared to gestational age. Preterm infants are at risk for various respiratory, cardiovascular, blood, gastrointestinal and neurological complications. Postterm infants may experience meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, or polycythemia and require monitoring for medical issues.

Uploaded by

Tesfamichael Abathun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF NEW

BORN

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 1


Classification of a Newborn
1. Gestational Age:

Preterm (<37wks)
Term (37-42wks)
Postterm (>42wks)
2. Birth Weight:

Very low birth weight: <1500gm


Low Birth weight: <2500gm
Normal BW: 2500-4000gm
Macrosomia: >4000gm

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 2


Newborns are also classified by comparing the birth weight and
gestational age.
A newborn is classified as:
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) if the birth weight lies between 10%-
90% for the specified gestational age
Large for gestational age (LGA) if the weight lies above 90% for the
specified gestational age.
the newborn has a high weight for gestational age.
Small for gestational age (SGA) if the weight lies below 10% for the
specified
gestational age
the infant has a low weight for gestational age. Intra uterine growth is
retarded

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 3


SGA: <10th%ile,
AGA: Between 10th and 90th %ile,
LGA: >90th%ile

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 4


Prematurity

The length of normal pregnancy or gestation is considered to be 42 weeks from


the date of conception
Infants born before 37 weeks gestation are considered premature
• May be at risk for complications

What causes prematurity?


• There are many factors linked to premature birth.
• Some directly cause early labor and birth, while others can make the mother or
baby sick and require early delivery.

The following factors may contribute to a premature birth:

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 5


Maternal factors:

◦ preeclampsia
◦ chronic medical illness (such as heart or kidney disease)
◦ infection ( infections of the fetal/placental tissues)
◦ cervical incompetence (inability of the cervix to stay closed during
pregnancy)

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 6


Cont….
FETAL
Fetal distress

Multiple gestation

PLACENTAL
Placenta previa
Abruption placenta

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 7


problems associated with prematurity

RESPIRATORY
Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) a
condition in which the air sacs cannot stay open due to lack of
surfactant in the lungs.
Apnea (cessation of breathing >15sec)
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary hemorrhage

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 8


cardiovascular:
◦ patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - a heart condition that causes blood to
divert away from the lungs.
◦ low heart rate - often occurs with apnea

blood and metabolic:


◦ anemia - may require blood transfusion
◦ jaundice - due to immaturity of liver and gastrointestinal function
◦ immature kidney function

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 9


gastrointestinal:
 difficulty feeding - many are unable to coordinate suck and swallow before
35 weeks gestation
 poor digestion
 necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - a serious disease of the intestine
neurologic:
 intraventricular hemorrhage - bleeding in the brain
 poor muscle tone
 seizures - may be due to bleeding in the brain
 retinopathy of prematurity - abnormal growth of the blood vessels in a
baby's eye.

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 10


The Post-term infants

• Definition : Are infants born after 42 weeks of gestational age


Epidemiology : 4-14%
cause
Unknown
Wrong dates
Irregular ovulation

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 11


Post term infants
C/M
• Absence of lanugo
• Desquamated , dry, cracked skin
• Long and curved nails
• Abundant scalp hair
• If placenta insufficiency occurs –loose skin ,growth retarded ,meconium stained

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 12


Post term infants
Complications
• Meconium aspiration
• Hypoglycemia
• Polycythemia
• Pulmonary hemorrhage
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax and problem associated with asphyxia

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 13


Post term
Mx /care
• Careful ANC surveillance
• Induction of labor or CS
• For meconium aspiration suctioning should be done
• Medical problems in the newborn are treated if they arise.

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 14


Care of the Post-term Newborn

Assess the newborn for post maturity syndrome


• Usually long and thin ( old man looking)
May require prolonged monitoring and support of well-being due to
wasting effect
Early detection of polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia

Attention to proper nutritional support.

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 15


Thank you

5/17/2017 By, Hiwot T. 16

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