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ECE 331 - Digital System Design: Basic Logic Functions, Truth Tables, and Standard Logic Gates

This document provides an overview of basic logic functions, truth tables, and standard logic gates. It discusses the logic functions of AND, OR, and NOT. It then covers truth tables and how they describe the functional behavior of logic circuits. Finally, it examines standard logic gates, including common gate types (AND, OR, NOT, etc.) and logic families (TTL, CMOS). Combinational logic circuits are introduced as composed of interconnected gates, with examples of deriving Boolean expressions and circuit diagrams from truth tables.

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Deepika Perumal
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
101 views31 pages

ECE 331 - Digital System Design: Basic Logic Functions, Truth Tables, and Standard Logic Gates

This document provides an overview of basic logic functions, truth tables, and standard logic gates. It discusses the logic functions of AND, OR, and NOT. It then covers truth tables and how they describe the functional behavior of logic circuits. Finally, it examines standard logic gates, including common gate types (AND, OR, NOT, etc.) and logic families (TTL, CMOS). Combinational logic circuits are introduced as composed of interconnected gates, with examples of deriving Boolean expressions and circuit diagrams from truth tables.

Uploaded by

Deepika Perumal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 331 – Digital System Design

Basic Logic Functions,


Truth Tables,
and
Standard Logic Gates
Basic Logic Functions

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 2


Basic Logic Functions
 AND
 Logical multiplication (product)
 A . B = AB = “A and B”
 OR Order of Precedence:
1. NOT
 Logical addition (sum) 2. AND
3. OR
 A + B = “A or B” - can be modified by parenthesis
 NOT
 Logical complement
 A‘ = “not A”

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 3


Truth Table

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 4


Logic Gates
x1
x2
x1 x1 x2 xn
x1 x2
x2
xn

(a) AND gates

x1
x2
x1
x2 x1 + x2 x1 + x2 + + xn

xn

(b) OR gates

x x

(c) NOT gate

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 5


Additional Logic Functions
 NAND
 F = (A . B)‘ = (AB)’ Not the same as F = A’ . B’

 F = not (A and B)
 Compound logic function
 NOR
 F = (A + B)’ Not the same as F = A’ + B’

 F = not (A or B)
 Compound logic function

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 6


Truth Tables

Exercise:

Derive the Truth Table for the NAND and NOR gates.

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 7


Logic Gates
x1
x2
x1
x1 x2 x1 x2 xn
x2

xn

(a) NAND gates


shorthand for a NOT gate

x1
x2
x1
x1 + x2 x1 + x2 + + xn
x2

xn

(b) NOR gates

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 8


Additional Logic Functions
 Exclusive-OR
 F = (A.B') + (A'.B)
 Output = 1 iff one of the inputs is 1 (but not both).
 Inclusive-OR: F = A + B
 Exclusive-NOR
 F = (A.B) + (A'.B')
 Output = 1 iff both input are 0 or both inputs are
1.
 Also known as the Equivalence function.
ECE 331 - Digital System Design 9
Truth Tables

Exercise:

Derive the Truth Table for the XOR and XNOR gates.

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 10


Additional Logic Operations
A B
XOR gate

F = A xor B

F = A xnor B

XNOR gate

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 11


Truth Tables

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 12


Truth Tables
 Used to describe the functional behavior of a Boolean
expression and/or Logic circuit.
 Each row in the truth table represents a unique
combination of the input variables.
 For n input variables, there are 2n rows.
 The output of the logic function is defined for each
row.
 Each row is assigned a numerical value, with the rows
listed in ascending order.
 The order of the input variables defined in the logic
function is important.
ECE 331 - Digital System Design 13
3-input Truth Table

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 14


4-input Truth Table

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 15


Standard Logic Gates

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 16


Standard Logic Gates
 Discrete components used to build logic circuits.
 74xx08 AND gate
 74xx32 OR gate
 74xx04 NOT gate
 74xx00 NAND gate
 74xx02 NOR gate
 74xx86 XOR gate
 Logic Families (TTL, LS-TTL, F, HC)

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 17


Standard Logic Gates: Data sheets
 Data sheets provide essential information:
 Logic Function
 Truth Table
 Pin-out
 Electrical Characteristics
 Timing Characteristics
 Package Description(s)
 This information is necessary when building logic
circuits from discrete components.
 Each Logic Family has a unique set of characteristics.
ECE 331 - Digital System Design 18
Logic Families
 TTL
 Low-Power TTL (“L”)
 High-Speed TTL (“H”)
 Schottky (“S”)
 Low-Power Schottky (“LS”)
 Advanced Schottky (“AS”)
 Advanced Low-Power Schottky (“ALS”)
 Fast (“F”)
 CMOS
 High-Speed CMOS (“HC”)
 Advanced CMOS (“AC”)
ECE 331 - Digital System Design 19
Table E.4 (p. 916 of textbook)

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 20


Combinational Logic Circuits

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 21


Combinational Logic Circuits
 Composed of an interconnected set of logic gates.
 Also known as Switching Circuits
 Logic circuits can be designed from
 Truth tables
 Boolean expressions
 Logic circuits realized through
 Interconnection of discrete components
 Synthesis from a Hardware Description Language

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 22


Example:

Derive the Boolean expression and draw the


circuit diagram for the following truth table:

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 23


Example

F = x’1.x’2 + x’1.x2 + x1.x2

x1
x2

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 24


Example:

Derive the Boolean expression and draw the


circuit diagram for the following truth table:

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 25


Wiring Diagrams

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 26


Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

(a) Dual-inline package

VDD

Gnd

(b) Structure of 7404 chip


ECE 331 - Digital System Design 27
Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 28


Standard Logic Gate: Pin-out

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 29


Example:

Draw the circuit diagram and the wiring diagram


for the following Boolean expression:

F = x’2.x3 + x1.x2

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 30


Example
VDD

7404

7408 7432

x1
x2
x3
f

ECE 331 - Digital System Design 31

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