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Local Storage (MCSA Note)

This document discusses storage configuration options in Windows including: - Storage Spaces allows for optimized storage allocation, improved administrative control, and scalability through the use of storage pools and spaces that can utilize various disk types. - Storage Space configurations include Simple, Mirror, Parity, Dual Parity, Storage Tiers, and Write-back Cache which provide different levels of availability, performance and protection. - Dynamic disks allow volumes to span multiple disks and provide features like mirroring, parity and striping not available with basic disks.

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Min Min Zaw
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
166 views

Local Storage (MCSA Note)

This document discusses storage configuration options in Windows including: - Storage Spaces allows for optimized storage allocation, improved administrative control, and scalability through the use of storage pools and spaces that can utilize various disk types. - Storage Space configurations include Simple, Mirror, Parity, Dual Parity, Storage Tiers, and Write-back Cache which provide different levels of availability, performance and protection. - Dynamic disks allow volumes to span multiple disks and provide features like mirroring, parity and striping not available with basic disks.

Uploaded by

Min Min Zaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Local Storage

Designing Storage Spaces


Optimal storage allocation • Storage Space
• Storage Pool
Improved administrative control • Storage Space
• Storage Pool
Scalability • Serial attached drives such as SCSI or SAS
• SATA drives
• JBOD enclosures
• RAID enclosures with disabled RAID
functionality
• USB-attached drives
• Clustered storage appliances
• Physical disks must be at least 4 GB
• Disks must be blank and unformatted
High availability  Simple
 Mirror
 Parity
 Dual Parity
 Storage Tiers
 Write-back cache
Configuration Details Scenario
Simple Stripes data across physical disks. Used in situations where high availability is not
required, but maximum storage and throughput are.

Mirror As data is written, a duplicate copy is striped The default and most commonly
across multiple drives. Storage capacity is used configuration.
reduced with the increased redundancy.
Parity Data and parity information is striped across Used in scenarios that use sequential write methods
physical disks. Takes advantage of data such as a backup to disk solution. Due to its journaling
journaling to keep track of the writes should feature, this is often used in scenarios in which you
an unplanned shutdown occur. need to reduce chances of data corruption.
Dual Parity dual parity provides Used when you need to protect
the ability to add disks to store from two simultaneous disk failures.
additional parity information.
Storage Tiers ability to mix different disk types Tiered storage enables frequently accessed data to be
within a single disk enclosure, such automatically and transparently moved to faster
as a JBOD, to create a cost-effective, drives such as solid state drives while data that is
tiered storage solution. infrequently accessed is moved to slower, less costly
disks such as high-capacity SATA drives.
Write-back Write-back cache option that leverages solid Used to increase protection and data loss due to
state drives present in the configured power failures or lags in disk write activity. In a large
cache storage space. environment, small random writes hammer away at
the disk. To speed up the write process, solid state
drives can be used as a write buffer to keep up with
the random access workload.
Disk Type Partition Type Volume Type

Simple
Basic Disk MBR
Volume

Disk Type Partition Type Volume Type

Spanned

Stripped

Dynamic Disk GPT Mirrored

RAID-5
File System
File System Description

NTFS First introduced in 1993


Introduces the following features
- Transaction log
- Security
- Compression /Encryption
FAT32

exFAT - Microsoft file systems


- Proprietary and patented
- Support in Windows XP and above
- Optimized for flash drives
- Better large drive performance than FAT32
FAT -Offers no security /Compression/ Encrption
-Less overhead than NTFS/ReFS
-Compatible with everything
-Often use with removable media
ReFS • New file system first appearing in Windows server 2012 R2
• Data integrity/Reduce corruption and Downtime
Not Support (File Compression, Encrypted File System, Disk Quota , Hard links (Data
deduplication) ,Booting the OS ,Named streams /Object ID’s
,Extended attributes ,No way to convert form NTFS to ReFs)
• Cannot be read by OS order than Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8.
• Work with windows storage space
• Fix problem while online
• No chkdsk
Basic Disk and Dynamic Disks
• Basic Disk offer compatibility (MS-DOS)
• Dynamic Disks offer more features
• Basic Disk (One Disk)
- Size of volume on disk can be adjusted
- Boot from basic disk
• Dynamic disk
- Some configurations support booting
- Can use multiple disks
• Basic disks can be converted to dynamic
Dynamic volume types
Partition Type Description
MBR  Support 4 Primary Partition or 3 Primary Partition and Extended Partition
 Limit of 2 TB
 Support x86 and x64
GPT  Supports 128 partitions
 Support Zettabyte Hard Disk
 Requirement for Booting
 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
 64 bit Hardware
 No support x86

MBR Partition Type GPT Partition Type


Converting Between the Two
 Windows
 Allow Partition need to be erased to convert
 Linux
 Can be done without losing data
 Should backup data beforehand
 3rd party software available
Volume Type Description
Spanned Volume - Combined free space from multiple drives
- No Speed improvement or redundancy
- Does not support booting
Mirrored Volume - Duplicates data across two disks
- Data copied to two disks. Supports one disk failure.
- Can be used to boot the operating system
Striped Volume - 2 or more disks
- Data spread evenly across all disks
- No redundancy
- Improved read and write performance
- Does not support booting
RAID – 5 - Fault tolerant (Supports one drive failure)
- Requries 3 disks or more
- One drive lost to parity
- Fast read but slow write performance
- Available on server OS’s only
- Does not support booting
Windows Storage Spaces

 Requires Windows Server 2012/Windows 8


 Replaces Logical Disk Manager
 Supports redundancy
 Mirroring , parity
 Allows thin provisions
 Storage pool uses ReFS
 Does not allow booting
Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
 Linux based solution
 Add remove drives without downtime
 Create volumes with redundancy
 or without
 Allows volumes to be resized
 Operating system can be booted from an LVM
 Support on most Linux Distributions
Storage Spaces New Features
- Storage tiers
- Write-back cache
- Parity space support for failover clusters
- Dual parity
- Auto rebuild storage spaces from free space
Write-back cache
Uses solid state drives as cache
Used for small random writes
On by default and does not need to be configured
Requires the following
Simple spaces requires one SSD
Two-way mirror requires two SSD
Three-way mirror requires three SSD

Dual Parity
 Stores parity on 2 drives
 Allows 2 drive failures
 Requires 7 drives in the storage pool
Auto rebuild storage spaces from free space
When a drive fails
Rebuild is performed to free space
No need for hot swap drives
Virtual Hard Disks

VHDs are stored on local physical drives. One or more VHD of different capacities can be added
and can be assigned a unique drive letter. You can create as many VHDs as your physical storage
allows, or until you run out of drive letters if presenting as a local volume.
VHDs offer the following benefits:

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