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Chapter 2 Lettering and Dimensioning

Engineering drawings provide a universal language for engineers to communicate technical details without language barriers. Drawings use various lines, dimensions, notes and scales to accurately depict an object's shape and size. Dimensioning practices include placing dimensions on the view where a shape is best seen, using a common unit like millimeters without symbols, and dimensioning each feature only once. Guidelines also specify precedence when lines overlap and how to arrange dimensions for clarity.

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3K views37 pages

Chapter 2 Lettering and Dimensioning

Engineering drawings provide a universal language for engineers to communicate technical details without language barriers. Drawings use various lines, dimensions, notes and scales to accurately depict an object's shape and size. Dimensioning practices include placing dimensions on the view where a shape is best seen, using a common unit like millimeters without symbols, and dimensioning each feature only once. Guidelines also specify precedence when lines overlap and how to arrange dimensions for clarity.

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Khôi Nguyên Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lettering and Dimensioning

Practices
CHAPTER 2
• ED: Graphical means of expression of
technical details without the barrier of a
language. Universal language for Engineers
• Engineering drawings are prepared on standard
size drawing sheets.
• The correct shape and size of the object can be
visualized from the understanding of not only
its views but also from the various types of
lines used, dimensions, notes, scale etc.
• For uniformity, the drawings must be drawn as
per certain standard practice
Title Block
• The title block should lie within the drawing
space at the bottom right hand comer of the sheet.
The title block can have providing the following
information.
1. Title of the drawing.
2. Drawing number.
3. Scale.
4. Symbol denoting the method of projection.
5. Name of the firm, and
6. Initials of staff who have designed,
checked and approved.
Drawing Sheet Layout
Lines
• Lines are the basic feature of a drawing. A line may be
straight, curved, continuous, segmented, thin, thick,
etc., each having its own specific sense
Each line has a definite meaning and sense to convey
• Visible Outlines, Visible Edges : (Continuous wide
lines) The lines drawn to represent the visible outlines/
visible edges / surface boundary lines of objects should
be outstanding in appearance.
• Dimension Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines)
Dimension Lines are drawn to mark dimension.
• Extension Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines)
There are extended slightly beyond the respective
dimension lines.
• Construction Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines)
• Hatching / Section Lines: (Continuous Narrow
Lines) Hatching Lines are drawn for the sectioned
portion of an object. These are drawn inclined at an
angle of 45° to the axis or to the main outline of the
section.
• Guide Lines: (Continuous Narrow Lines) Guide
Lines are drawn for lettering and should not be erased
after lettering.
• Break Lines: (Continuous Narrow Freehand Lines)
Wavy continuous narrow line drawn freehand is used
to represent break of an object.
• Center Lines: (Long-Dashed Dotted Narrow Lines)
Center Lines are drawn at the center of the drawings
• Dashed Narrow Lines: (Dashed Narrow Lines) Hidden
edges / Hidden outlines of objects are shown by dashed
lines of short dashes of equal lengths of about 3 mm,
spaced at equal distances of about 1 mm. the points of
intersection of these lines with the outlines / another
hidden line should be clearly shown.
• Cutting Plane Lines: Cutting Plane Line is drawn to show
the location of a cutting plane. It is long-dashed dotted
narrow line, made wide at the ends, bends and change of
direction. The direction of viewing is shown by means of
arrows resting on the cutting plane line.
• Border Lines Border Lines are continuous wide lines of
minimum thickness 0.7 mm
• Line widths: means line thickness.
Choose line widths according to the size of the
drawing from the following range: 0.13,0.18, 0.25,
0.35, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 mm.
Bis recommends two line widths on a drawing.
Ratio between the thin and thick lines on a drawing
shall not be less than 1 : 2.
• Precedence of Lines
1. When a Visible Line coincide with a Hidden Line
or Center Line, draw the Visible Line. Also, extend
the Center Line beyond the outlines of the view.
2. When a Hidden Line coincides with a Center
Line, draw the Hidden Line.
3. When a Visible Line coincides with a Cutting
Plane, draw the Visible Line.
4. When a Center line coincides with a Cutting
Plane, draw the Center Line and show the
Cutting Plane line outside the outlines of the
view at the ends of the Center Line by thick
dashes.
Lettering
• Single Stroke Letters: The word single-stroke should
not be taken to mean that the lettering should be made
in one stroke without lifting the pencil. It means that
the thickness of the letter should be uniform as if it is
obtained in one stroke of the pencil.
• Types of Single Stroke Letters:
1. Lettering Type A: (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped
(at 75 to the horizontal)
2. Lettering Type B : (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped
(at 75 to the horizontal)
• In Type A, height of the capital letter is divided into
14 equal parts, while in Type B, height of the capital
letter is divided into 10 equal parts. Type B is
preferred for easy and fast execution, because of the
division of height into 10 equal parts.
• Size of Letters:
• Size of Letters is measured by the height h of
the CAPITAL letters as well as numerals.
• Standard heights for CAPITAL letters and
numerals recommended by BIS are given below : 1.8,
2.5, 3.5, 5, 6, 10, 14 and 20 mm
Note: Size of the letters may be selected based
upon
Dimensioning of Type B Letters:

• h (height of capital letters),


• ci (height of lower-case letters),
• c2 (tail of lower-case letters),
• c3 (stem of lower-case letters),
• a (spacing between characters),
• bl & b2 (spacing between baselines),
• e (spacing between words) and
• d (line thickness),
• Lettering practice: Practice of lettering capital and
lower case letters and numerals of type B are shown
in Figure
Dimensioning
• Drawing of a component, in addition to
providing complete shape description, must
also furnish information regarding the size
description.
• These are provided through the distances
between the surfaces, location of holes, nature
of surface finish, type of material, etc.
• The expression of these features on a drawing,
using lines, symbols, figures and notes is
called dimensioning.
Elements of dimensioning
Principles of Dimensioning
I. All dimensional information necessary to describe a component
clearly and completely shall be written directly on a drawing.
2. Each feature shall be dimensioned once only on a drawing, i.e.,
dimension marked in one view need not be repeated in another
view.
3. Dimension should be placed on the view where the shape is best
seen
4. As far as possible, dimensions should be expressed in one unit
only preferably in millimeters, without showing the unit symbol
(mm).
5. As far as possible dimensions should be placed outside the
view.
6. Dimensions should be taken from visible outlines rather than
from hidden lines
7. No gap should be left between the feature and the start of
the extension line
8. Crossing of center lines should be done by a long dash and
not a short dash
• If the space for dimensioning is insufficient, the arrow heads
may be reversed and the adjacent arrow heads may be
replaced by a dot. However, they may be drawn obliquely,
but parallel to each other in special cases, such as on tapered
feature
• When a radius is dimensioned only one arrow head, with its
point on the arc end of the dimension line should be used. The
arrow head termination may be either on the inside or outside
of the feature outline, depending on the size of the feature.
• Dimensions should be placed parallel to and above their
dimension lines and preferably at the middle, and clear of the
line
Identification of Shapes
Arrangement of Dimensions
• Chain dimensioning: Chain of single
dimensioning should be used only where the
possible accumulation of tolerances does not
endanger the fundamental requirement of the
component
• Parallel dimensioning: In parallel
dimensioning, a number of dimension lines
parallel to one another and spaced out, are used.
This method is used where a number of
dimensions have a common datum feature

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