5S

* SEIRI (Sort) – Taking out and disposing unnecessary items.

* SEITON (Systematize) – Arrangement/ Organization of necessary

items in good order for use.

* SEISO (Sweep) – Cleaning of workplace, including tools and

equipment.

* SEIKETSU (Sanitize) – Maintaining the workplace in high standard of

housekeeping and organization.

* SHITSUKE (Self-Discipline) – Doing things spontaneously without

being told.
Before you assemble your unit, make
a check list of parts to ensure that
you have complete components to
assemble a working PC.
 Computer Hardware Installation

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
1.Take necessary precautions to protect the components of the computer from damage
caused by ESD (Electrostatic Discharge).
2. Get in a habit of touching a safely grounded object before you handle components.
3. Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC’s.
4. Before you insert the CPU into the socket, check if the CPU surface is unclean or if there is
any bent pin. Do not force to insert the CPU into the socket if the above mentioned
situation is found.
5. In connecting the drives, make sure you do not insert it backward or upside down.
6. Do not touch the controller board of the hard drive.
7. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
8. Please do not over-tighten the screws.
9. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.
PROBLEM TO WATCH OUT FOR
1. Faulty connections
2. Improper Settings
3. D.O.A (Dead On Arrival) parts
4. Incompatible or poorly selected parts
5. Carelessness
PROPER ASSEMBLING PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare the computer case (install power supply, I/O shield
and spacers).
2. Install the drives (DVD, floppy and HDD).
3. Install the CPU, fan, heat sink and memory module.
4. Install the motherboard into the casing and expansion cards.
5. Install the cablings (power connectors, FDD connector,
IDE/SATA connector, USB headers and system panel header).
6. Attach the monitor, keyboard, mouse and plug into a power
source.
7. Troubleshoot if necessary.
8. Assemble and install network connection.
Installing Processor
Locate the keyed portion of the processor
that is signified by a diagonal corner of the
pin layout.

Align the processor to the slot based on the

keyed corner and drop the processor into
the slot such that all pins are in the
appropriate holes.

Clamp the heat sink in place using the

proper mounting technique. This may be
lifting a tab over a mounting clip or screwing
down the heat sink to the board. Please
refer to the documentation for the heat sink
to ensure proper installation.
Installing Motherboard
Screw nuts, screws and washers that
come with the case.

Washer
Nut Screw
Screw

The motherboard has also several holes. You should lay down the motherboard on
the metallic plate and check which holes from the metallic plate match the holes
on the motherboard. On the holes on the metallic plate that matched a hole on
the motherboard, you will install a nut screw. On the holes that don't match a hole
on the motherboard, you will simply leave it away. Sometimes you will find some
holes on the motherboard that don't match any hole on the plate. That's normal
too.

Warning: Position the spacer / Nut Screw in its proper place or else it can cause damage to
your system.
Installing Two- Drives in a single IDE Cable

Slave
jumper
setting

Master
jumper
setting
Attachments: PATA (Parallel Advance Technology Attachment)

SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)

PATA vs SATA

Serial COM ports have always been known to be one of the slowest connections in
modern computers. However, the newest version of Advanced Technology Attachment
(ATA), Serial ATA, is set to sweep parallel ATA off its feet.

Parallel ATA Serial ATA

150 MB/s Currently 300 MB/s by

Maximum Speed 100 MB/s with bursts up to 133 MB/s
2005 and 600 MB/s by 2008

Cable Length 18 Inches 1 Meter (about 40 inches)

Cable Pins 40 7

Power Connector Pins 4 15

Data transfer wires used 26 2

Power Consumption 5V 250 mV

Hot Swappable? No Yes

These pictures show the difference in size of PATA and SATA
connectors.

SATA is the undisputed champion in terms of size and flexibility of cables.

As seen in the picture above, SATA power connectors are still the same size as
current power connectors even though they have a total of 15 contacts.

Converter
 WHAT IS ATX

• Sometimes referred to as the Full-ATX,

the ATX motherboard is one o Sometimes referred to as
the Full-ATX, the ATX motherboard is one of most
commonly found and used motherboards even today. ATX is
an Intel trademark and not an acronym that was first
designed and released in July of 1995 by Intel and has been
revised several times since then. The first revision was
version 2.01 in February 1997, 2.03 in May 2000, 2.1 in
June 2002, and 2.2 in February 2004. f most commonly
found and used motherboards even today. ATX is an Intel
trademark and not an acronym that was first designed and
released in July of 1995 by Intel and has been revised
several times since then. The first revision was version 2.01
in February 1997, 2.03 in May 2000, 2.1 in June 2002, and
2.2 in February 2004.
• The ATX motherboard is 12" wide x 9.6" deep and has
the COM port, LPT port, PS/2, and USBmounted directly on
the motherboard. Below is a picture and example of what this
form factor of motherboard may look like.
• ATX boards didn't hit the market in force until mid-1996, when
they rapidly began replacing Baby-AT boards in new systems.
The ATX specification was updated to version 2.01 in February
1997, 2.03 in May 2000, 2.1 in June 2002, and 2.2 in February
2004.
 ATX Power Supply Failure Diagnostics

The first step in the troubleshooting process is simply determining

if the power supply is coming on. You can usually hear the
mechanical components in PCs that make rotational noise when
they are powered up. Noise makers include the hard drive, as its
electric motor spins up the platters, and plenty of fan noise is
normal for PCs without PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) fans. Your
PC should also give a single beep if it passes its internal start-up
diagnostic, and there are always status LED's to tell you the
system is on, though some home PC builders don't bother
connecting them. If your hearing isn't good, you can check to see
if the power supply fan is creating a breeze. Monitors are
powered independently, so unless you're looking at a notebook
PC, a live screen doesn't indicate a working power supply.
Newer components like quad core processors and dual PCI Express video
adapters have doubled the power requirements of typical gaming PCs. An
entry level ATX power supply for a PCI Express gaming PC these days is
600W, and power supplies ranging from 750W to 1000W are no longer
unusual. The primary culprits are multi-core CPUs that can consume
anywhere from 10W to 50W or more per core, for a total CPU consumption
as high as 200W in a single processor system. Meanwhile, PCI Express
graphics cards for gaming can pull as much as 200 Watts by themselves, or
double that in a dual card configuration.
 Beep codes are reported out by the motherboard BIOS
diagnostics at power up. A single beep means the POST (Power On
Self Test) test was successful and the CPU, memory and video
adapter are all reporting present and accounted for. Any longer
strings of beeps are usually due to a hardware failure (or something
pressing down a key on the keyboard) and the beep codes depend
on the manufacturer. Long strings of slow beeps are usually related
to a bad memory module, and repeating strings of 3 or 9 beeps often
indicate video card failure. In either of these cases, shut down,
unplug, and try reseating either the RAM or the video adapter,
though it can't hurt to do both. If you are getting beeps with a live
screen, the problem is unlikely to be power supply related. Proceed
to the Motherboard, CPU and RAM Failure diagnostics.
 computer with an ATX motherboard.
•The ATX motherboard includes advanced control facilities, where
the BIOS program continually checks the CPU temperature and voltages, the
cooling fans RPM, etc. If over heating occurs, the PC will shut down automatically.
•The ATX motherboard has a stacked I/O connector panel mounted on the
motherboard.
•On a socket 7 ATX motherboard, the socket has been placed a further distance
from the expansion slots, allowing for long boards to be placed in easier.
•Single keyed internal power supply connector. This is the Molex power connector,
ATX 2.01. Standby voltage needs to be greater than 720 mA. The connector now
cannot be placed in improperly. While the Molex power connector allows for 5v and
3.3v to be connected, it is recommended that only a 3.3v be connected to the
motherboard.
•Relocation of the memory and the CPU creating better ventilation and easier
upgrade.
•Power management possible with proper BIOS support.
•The PC can also be turned on by a modem or network signal, since the power
supply is controlled by the main board.
•The computer cannot be turned off as the computer boots. However, if the
computer freezes as it is turning on you can turn off the computer by holding the
power button for 5 seconds.
 Replacement for the older P8 and P9 AT style connector, this
connector connects the computer power supply to an ATX style
motherboard. As shown to the picture to the right, this 20-pin
multicolor cable often labeled as P1 connects to a 20-pin
connector on the motherboard. Note, with the introduction
of ATX-2, this cable is now a 24-pin cable and no longer a 20-
pin cable.
As seen in the pictures the cable has a small clip on the top of
the cable that should snap and hold the cable in place when
installed properly. This cable is also keyed, which means it can
only be inserted in one direction.
 Modern motherboards require multiple connections from the power
supply, starting with the main 24 pin ATX connector that replaced the
older 20 pin connector in most designs. Power hungry CPUs and
chipsets have led to a variety of supplemental connectors, including a 4
pin or 8 pin ATX 12V supply on many systems, and multiple 6 pin PCIe
connectors for serious graphics cards.

With the power supply unplugged, make sure all motherboard

connectors are properly seated and latched by removing them and
reattaching. I've always found the standard latching system for the main
power connector to be counter-intuitive. It works kind of like a see-saw
with a pivot, you have to squeeze in at the top to pop it open at the
bottom. They usually don't make any noise on releasing, but you should
get a satisfying click when you remake the connection.
If you're competent to work around live DC voltages in an
open case, try to force the power supply on by shorting the
green wire (pin 16, power_on) to any of the black wires
(grounds) in the main ATX motherboard power connector,
which is either 20 or 24 pins. The power supply may
instantly turn itself off again if there if there is a short circuit
in the hard drive or if the load is insufficient. If the power
supply comes on and the hard drive spins up, the power
supply is probably good.
If the power doesn't come on, double check that the power
lead is firmly seated in the drive socket. Old style Molex
connectors used on old IDE hard drives were notoriously
hard to insert in the socket, and they rarely ever seated all
the way. Try switching to a different power supply lead, and
if there are multiple hard drives connected, try each one in
turn.
ATX 20-PIN
The auxiliary connector is a four or six wire power
supply connector that connects to the motherboard. This
connector provides additional power to the computer
processor and other power hungry devices like a video.
The picture shows an example of what the auxiliary cable
connector looks like. As can be seen the cable has two
black wires that provide the ground, two orange wires
that provide +3.3VDC, and a red wire that provides
+5VDC.
 Baby AT
• A replacement for the Full AT motherboard and
sometimes referred to as BAT; the Baby ATis a
motherboard form factor introduced
by IBM in 1985 and used with the 286, 386, 486,
and Pentium computers up until the early 1990's.
The Baby AT is 8.57" wide x 13.04" deep, which is
almost the same as the original IBM XT
motherboard with modifications in the screw
hole position to fit into AT-style case. This board
is now considered obsolete and has been
replaced by ATX.
BTX
Short for Balanced Technology Extended, BTX is
a motherboard form factor first announced by Intel on
September 17, 2003 as a replacement for ATX. BTX was later
revised to 1.0a, which was released in February 2004. The BTX
includes features such as a low profile, more efficient layout to
help with cooling, scalable board to allow for different system
sizes, and support mechanisms to help support high-mass
motherboard components. In September 2006, Intel announced
that it was stopping all future development of BTX.
 Power supply

• The power supply converts electricity to a type that a

PC can use. This can either be from 120 V or 220 V
alternating Current (AC) into + 3.3 V, + 5 V, - 5 V and
+12 V , – 12 V direct current (DC).
• The PC power supply is generally referred to
as a constant voltage switching power supply.
It supplies the same amount of voltage to the
PC components. It is designed to give an
efficient and inexpensive power source, as
well as it should generate a minimum amount
of heat.
 The typical power consumption rating for PC
component
• Voltage Devices Powered
• 3.3 V Chipsets, DIMMs, PCI,PCIe/AGP cards,
miscellaneous chip
• 5 V Disk drive logic, SIMMs PCI-PCIe/AGP card,
ISA card, voltage regulators, miscellaneous
chips.
• 12 V Motor, voltage regulators (high output)
Screws - are the hardware used to fasten together parts of a computer case and to
fasten the system components (such as motherboards, hard drives, and power supplies) to
the case.

From left to right: a 6-32

thumbscrew, a 6-32 screw, an
M3 screw, and a self-tapping
screw for case fans

The M3 screw (center) has

a pitch of 0.5 mm, which is Various types of motherboard standoffs.
finer than the pitch of a 6-
32 UTS screw (top).

The 6-32 UTS screw has

a thread pitch of 1/32 in
The Motherboard
 What is a mother board

• The mother board is the main printed circuit

board that resides inside the PC. It is
sometimes called main-board, system board,
or planar board that is equipped with socket
where the processor, memory, plug-in cards,
daughterboard, and peripheral devices are
connected. If the processor is the Brain of the
Computer, then the Motherboard is
considered as the heart of the PC.
What is CMOS?
CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat
semiconductor technology used in
contemporary microchips, especially useful
for battery-powered devices. Most
commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to
refer to small battery-powered configuration
chips on system boards of personal
computers, where the BIOS stores the date,
the time, and system configuration details.
Power Supply

Testing P.S.
Headers & Connectors
Headers & Connectors
Headers & Connectors
 PRACTICE…
PRACTICE…
PRACTICE !!!

Constant Practice Makes Perfect!!!!!

BIOS - (Basic Input/Output System) is an electronic set of
instructions that a computer uses to successfully start operating.
The BIOS is located on a chip inside of the computer and is designed
in a way that protects it from disk failure.

ROM Chip
 ABIOS

• Short for Advanced BIOS, ABIOS is

a BIOS capable of supporting calls in Protected
Mode. ABIOS was first used with
the IBM PS/2 running the OS/2 operating
system. Today, all new computers have an
Advanced BIOS.
What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?
Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS
(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are
related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program
that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and
system configuration details it needs to start the computer.

The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers
on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it
cannot store variable data.

CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to
the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control
components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock,
but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

Firmware is a combination of software and hardware. Computer chips that have data
or programs recorded on them are firmware. These chips commonly include the
following: ROMs (read-only memory), PROMs (programmable read-only memory),
EPROMs (erasable programmable read-only memory). Firmware in PROM or EPROM
is designed to be updated if necessary through a software update.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT-(CSU)

• System components-
the modern PC system is composed of
different devices.
The most important component inside the case
* Central Processing unit (CPU) also called the
microprocessor or processor. As its name
implies, the CPU is central to all processing
done by the computer.
• The CPU reads and writes data and
instructions to and from storage devices and
performs calculations other data processing.
Many other computer components also must
communicate with the CPU. In fact each
hardware input, output storage device
requires a method to communicate with the
CPU.
• Most input and output devices reside outside
the computer case. These devices
communicate w/ components inside the
computer case through a wireless connection
or through cables attached to the case at a
connection called a port.
• A port is a physical connection that allows a
cable from a peripheral device to be attached
to the computer.
 A peripheral device

• A keyboard
• Mouse
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speaker
• Scanner
• Others
• Is device that is not located directly on the
mother board but communicates w/ the CPU,
memory and other components. The
expansion cards are used by the CPU to
communicate w/ devices inside and outside
the case.
 What is a Mother board

• Mother board- it is the core of the system which

controls all the devices.
• Processor- it is also called microprocessor or central
processing unit (CPU) which serves as the brain or
engine of the PC.
• Memory- it is a primary memory w/c is often called
random access memory (RAM). It contains data w/c
the processor is using at a given time.
• Case- it is the frame that houses the system
unit.
• Power Supply- it is the source of electrical
power of every part in the PC.
• Hard disk drive- HDD- a secondary storage
that is used when large amounts of data have
to be stored, particularly if some of data need
not be accessed very frequently.
• Compact disk/digital versatile disk (CD/DVD) it
is a high- capacity removable media, optical
storage device of the system.
• Monitor- it visually displays the output of the
computer.
• Video Card- an expansion card that provides a
port for a monitor.
• Sound Card- an expansion card that provides a
port for a speakers and microphones.
• Keyboard- it is a primary input device used to
communicate w/ the PC.
• Mouse- it is a pointing device use to
communicate w/ the PC.
 PRACTICE…
PRACTICE…
PRACTICE !!!
Constant Practice Makes
Perfect!!!!!
Installing Windows XP

Insert your Windows XP installation CD-ROM and power-on/restart your system.

Change BIOS Settings > Set First Boot to CD/DVD.
It will show the PC-BIOS startup message, like: memory test, memory installed :
When you get the message to
"press any key to boot from CD...", press any key.
( this is new on Microsoft Windows 2000 and XP CD's:
if you do not press any key, it will NOT boot from CD-ROM,
but boot from hard disk, so that people which "forgot" to take
out such boot-table CD-ROM's are not getting confused by
the CD-ROM installation procedure )
 Once the boot from CD-ROM has started, it will display at the top of the screen :
"Setup is inspecting your computer's hardware configuration. . ."

After a brief delay, the typical Microsoft "blue Installation screen" is displayed,
with "Windows Setup" displayed at the top and at the bottom of the screen the information,
that "Setup is loading Files" (loading all type of device drivers) :
It will finally state : "Setup is starting Windows" and will display after a short delay the
"Windows XP Professional Setup" or "Windows XP Home Setup" screen :
Select "to set up Windows XP now" and press the ENTER-key :

The "Windows XP Licensing Agreement" is displayed, accept it by pressing the F8-key.

(as indicated on the button of the screen).
Setup will now display the partitioning of your disk:

If your system has already an operating system installed, you will see them listed.
You have now a simple Disk Manager, allowing you to create and delete partitions.
You will need to select either an existing partition or "Unpartitioned space" (if available)
to define, on which partition to install Windows XP, then press ENTER.
The next screen is asking for the type of disk formatting to be used :

(if you install XP into an already existing partition, you have additional options to leave the
current disk formatting intact).
Select the type of disk formatting : FAT or NTFS
FAT : possible to access from a DOS-boot floppy, but limited to
max. 4 GByte with very inefficient file-storage (cluster-size of64
KByte), no Security features.

NTFS : not accessible from a DOS-boot floppy, but NOT limited in

size and using an efficient file-storage with a small cluster-size,
able to use File-System Security features.

Windows XP requires a lot of disk-space for itself, you should use

at least a 4 GByte partition. I suggest to use NTFS : make your
choice (highlight) and select it by pressing ENTER.
Setup will start formatting the disk :
and will then start copying files from the CD-ROM to the disk :
The system will then need to reboot :

( this is a funny screen : the system will restart anyway after 1 seconds, and you have only the
choice to press ENTER to shorten the delay, saving max. 15 seconds in the complete installation
process of 30-45 minutes )
 After the restart, Windows XP starts the first time with the Graphical
User Interface ( GUI ) :
Setup will continue to copy files and to install devices :
You can adjust regional settings (for example if you install an English version of
Windows XP in a different country and the keyboard layout/language is not the
same language as your copy of Windows XP, you should use the button "Customize.."
and configure the proper keyboard, to make sure that you can enter in the following steps of the
setup/installation properly the information ) :
Personalize your system by entering your name and organization :
Enter your 25 character Product key (as it was delivered with your Windows XP CD-ROM ) :
 Define the name for your computer and the password for the Administrator account :

based on the organization (define above), Setup creates a name for your computer,
with complex name (to make sure that the name will be unique in a network configuration. Since this name will be used
later inside the "Network Neighborhood" / "My Network places", change it to an easy to understand , but UNIQUE name
(like : P633VM). If you enter a password for the Administrator Account, make sure that you remember it (to be save,
write if down ! ).
Check the "Date and Time Settings", allowing to check/define/correct the
date, time and time zone :
If you have a network card in your system, which was detected by Setup, you will be asked to
select whether to install a typical configuration (which you can always change later) or if you like
to make now already special settings (like: defining your IP-address ) :
Setup continues with "Finalizing installation " (nothing to do for you ) :
The system will reboot again :

Setup will configure then your screen

resolution.
The system will try to connect via the Internet to the Microsoft website,youcan savelyselect to "Skip"that
step.You will be prompted to enter the first Usernames (which will be defined as Administrators) and you
will get the new XP Welcome screen :

(note : if only one user was defined during setup and no password was defined, the system will
skip the Welcome screen and continue to display immediately the new Windows XP desktop ).
You are now ready to use the
"colorful" Windows XP :
You can adjust the system to
look and work more.
Start Menu

1. Right-Click Start
Menu
2. Select Properties
3. Select “Classic Menu
Start”
4. Apply > OK
Device Manager - provides you with information about how the hardware on your
computer is installed and configured, and how the hardware interacts with your
computer's programs.
1. Start > Settings > Control Panel > Switch to Classic View > double-click System

2. Hardware Tab > Device Manager Tab

 Installing Drivers
1. Installing Device Drivers Using Driver CD
After Installing O.S. or new device is installed in your computer, windows will automatically find a
driver for the device and install one on its own or it will ask you for drivers for it.

Grab the manufacturers disk , and put it in your CD/DVD drive. It should auto start and then show a
list of install options. Simply click install to install the device drivers, at the end a reboot would be
required. After this reboot the device should be operational.

-If the manufactures disk doesn't have an auto run program and just simply provides the drivers on
the disk, then you must not cancel the screen when it asks you to install the drivers. Instead click
next. You can now do it two ways, let windows install the device automatically, or if you know where
the drivers are you can select them manually. Windows recommends the first option and I agree, this
should be used first, and if it doesn't succeed use the second option and browse the CD for the
driver.
2. Installing Device Drivers Manually
-Manually installing a driver is easy, you will need to manually install a driver for various
reasons, the main one is driver updates.
-Go to start > control panel and click systems. Go to the hardware tab and click device
manager. Look for the device you want to update the driver for and double click it. Go to the
driver tab and click on update driver.
-A screen will pop up like in the automatic install. Select "install for a list or specific location"
this time and click next. Uncheck "search removable media" and check "include this location
in search". Click the browse button and go to the directory where you saved your new driver.
(if its on CD just search removable media and it will find it).
-Click next and it will attempt to install the driver. Once done click next and your new driver is
install. A reboot might be required for the device to work properly.
1. Install Windows 98 on C:
2. Install Windows XP on D: / E:
3. Install Drivers
 PRACTICE…
PRACTICE…
PRACTICE !!!

Constant Practice Makes Perfect!!!!!

Networking
- The practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose
of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer
software.

Examples of different networks are:

1. Local area network (LAN), which is usually a small network constrained toasmall
geographic area.
2. Wide area network (WAN) that is usually a larger network that covers a
largegeographic area.
3. Wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN) are the wireless equivalent of the LAN and
WAN.

All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different kinds
of media, including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and
various wireless technologies. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via
Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet).
Network topologyisthe study of the arrangement or mapping of the elements(links, nodes, etc.) of a
network, especially the physical(real)andlogical(virtual)interconnectionsbetween nodes.A localarea
network (LAN) is one example of a network that exhibits both a physical topology and a logical
topology.

Basictypes:bus,ring,star,tree, & mesh.

Star networks/ Topologies are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest
form, a star network consists of one central switch, hub or computer, which acts as a conduit to
transmit messages.
Networking Requirement
1. LAN Card / Network Interface Card (NIC)
2. LAN Cable (UTP cable & RJ45)
3. Switch / Hub
4. Router

Internet Requirement
1. Internet Connection (Broadband) +

Dial-up Internet
1. Telephone
2. Modem
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet
switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that
consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to
global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other
technologies.

The Internet carries various information resources and services, such as electronic mail, online chat,
file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other
resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).

Terminology
The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in every-day speech without much distinction.
However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global
data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity
between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a
collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
 Switch vs. Hub
Although hubs and switches both glue the PCs in a network
together, a switch is more expensive and a network built with
switches is generally considered faster than one built with hubs.

Function of Switch -
Router
A networking device whose software and hardware are usually tailored to the tasks of
routing and forwarding information. For example, on the Internet, information is directed
to various paths by routers.
IP Address (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Address)
A numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a
computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes.

DHCP Addressing - automatically assign TCP/IP addresses to clients along with the correct
subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server.
Static Addressing - manually assigned to a computer by an administrator.

Media Access Control address (MAC address), Ethernet Hardware Address (EHA), hardware address, adapter
address or physical address is a quasi-unique identifier assigned to most network adapters or network interface
cards (NICs) by the manufacturer for identification.

IP CONFIG
A console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol DHCP and Domain Name System DNS settings. It displays the IP address, subnet mask, and
default gateway for all adapters.

Ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot connectivity, reachability, and name resolution.
Ethernet Cable Color Coding
 Uses of Straight-Thru Cable
1. To Connect PC to Switch, Switch to Router, and Router
to PC.

Uses of Cross-Over Cable

1. To Connect PC to PC, Switch to switch, and Router to
router.
To directly connect a computer to computer, router to router and switch to
switch you must have a cross over cable no other cable will work.
To connect a computer to a switch or router then you use a straight-thru cable.

In Cross Connection, a computer receives on pins 1 and 2 and sends on 3 and

6. If you use a straight thru to connect a computer to a computer then their will
not be transmissions completed because both computers will be sending and
receiving on the same conductors, instead of opposite conductors.

The new switches are capable of recognizing the cable and work
with straight cables.
 PRACTICE…
PRACTICE…
PRACTICE !!!

Constant Practice Makes Perfect!!!!!

IP Address Manual Configuration
1.Click on the Start menu, then click on Control Panel
2.When the Control Panel window opens you will see items in either Category View (continue with step #3) or
Classic View (skip to item #4)
3.Find and double-click on the Network and Internet Connection icon.
4.Next, find and double-click on the Network Connections icon, a window will open with all network
connections available on the computer (wired and wireless)
5.Find the network connection you want to manually configure, right-click on it and select Properties from
the pop-up menu
6.In the Connection Properties window, under the section labeled This connection uses the following items:
find the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item and double-click it.
7.A new window will open, select the second radio button which is labeled Use the following IP address
8.Enter the appropriate IP address (192.168.0.1); subnet mask (usually 255.255.255.0); and gateway (the
router or proxy server address)
9.The next part of the windows will now have a radio button selected which is labeled Use the following DNS
server addresses
10.If you need to access the Internet, enter the DNS addresses provided by your ISP; if you do not have that
information you can use the OpenDNS server. Their DNS addresses are: 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220
11.After entering the required information, click the OK button twice and close the Control Panel window.
IP Address Manual Configuration
Start>Settings>Control Panel>Open Network Connections>Right-Click Local Area Connection
icon>Properties>Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)>Properties>Use the following IP Address>Enter IP Address & Subnet
Mask>OK>Check Show icon in notification Area when connected>close
Changing Workgroup and Computer Name
- Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Computer Name Tab >Change Tab
>Type New Computer Name and Workgroup > OK..OK..OK..Restart
Installing Network Printer
- Start > Settings > Control Panel > Printers and Faxes > Add Printer (Printers Tasks) > (Add Printer Wizard) Next >
Select “A Network Printer, or …..” > Next > Select Connect to this Printer>Type \\Server\ >Select from
displayed Printer > Next > Select Installed Network Printer > Next >Yes..Finish!
Note: Turn-off your firewall before installing network printer.
*Start>Settings>Control Panel >Firewall>Turn Off Firewall> OK
File/Folder Sharing
- Right-Click Folder to Share > Properties > Sharing Tab > Network Sharing and Security (Click “If you understand the
security Risk….”) > Just Enable Sharing > OK > Select Share this folder on the network > OK
Sharing Printer
- Start > Settings > Control Panel > Printers and Faxes > Right-click Installed Printer > Sharing > Share this Printer > OK
Ping: - Start > Run > Type CMD > Enter > Type Ping “IP Address”/Host Address > Enter.

Bad Connection:
Good Connection: 0% Loss *Destination host Unreachable / *Request Time-
out
IPCONFIG: -Start > Run > Type CMD > Enter > Type IPCONFIG > Enter
Exercises:
1. Reinstall Windows XP on Drive D: / E:
2. Install Drivers
3. Assemble LAN Cables (Straight-Thru and Cross-over Cable)
4. Configure Local Area Connection
5. Enter IP Address, change Computer Name & Workgroup
6. Apply Ping & IPConfig commands
7. Sharing Files & Folders (Share Acronyms.pdf, Etc..)
8. Install Network Printer / Test Print
9. LAN Chat using Direct X Diagnostic Tool (DXDIAG)
Hardware and Software Installation
1. Assemble System Unit
2. Install Windows 98
3. Install Windows XP
4. Install the Drivers
5. Install and Configure LAN connection
6. Printer and File Sharing