Study on Code­Switching 

of College Students of 
Ateneo de Davao 
University
Researchers

Arles, Antonette

Cha, Ahyeong

Jabido, Karina
 Chapter I ­ 
Introduction and 
problem
Introduction to the Study

Background of the Study

Davao City has become a melting pot of cultures. Along with their cultures,
people bring along with them their language. Because of that, Davao City
has become a city of multi language.
Problematic situation
The need to examine multilingualism but also the lack of linguistic researches
on multilingualism of college students.
Theoretical Framework
– The study is anchored on Markedness Model, and Eight Functions of
Code-switching.
– Our variables are Multilingualism or independent variable, College
student for dependent variable, and of Ateneo de Davao University.
– The variables are related because multilingualism and multilingual
speakers are evident in the college students of Ateneo de Davao
university.
Purpose of the Theoretical Framework
– The Eight Functions of Code-switching by Saville-Troike will help
the researchers answer the functions of code-switching.
– The Markedness Model will help the researchers suggest some
reasons for the code-switching.
Research Questions

– What are the patterns in code-switching of Ateneo de

Davao College students?
– What are the functions of code-switching in this context?
– Why do Ateneo de Davao College students do code-switch?
Statement of the Problem

– How does code-switching occur in the setting of Ateneo de

Davao College students?
– Is multilingualism accepted in the university?
– The need to know whether multilingualism is accepted or
reject by college students of Ateneo de Davao University.
Significance of the Study
– The study describes the role of multilingualism and the process of how it is
produced. The study contributes to the body of study on sociolinguistics. With
the results of this study, it may be beneficial for the following.
– English majors. The study can be use this research for an avenue to apply the
lessons they have learned about Code Switching.
– Multilingual speakers. The study can help the multilingual speakers recognize
the effect of their choice of language.
– Future researchers. The study can help researchers and scholars on language
analysis and will have deeper understanding and more knowledge about
attitudes of learners of Ateneo de Davao University towards Code Switching.
Scope and Limitation of the study

– This study is limited to verbal communication, particularly of chosen

student organizations (min of 3) of Ateneo de Davao during their meetings,
of how they code switch and how it affects their communication. This
study focuses on verbal code switching and Accommodation to analyze the
multilingualism of the college students.
Definition of terms
Code
– Linguistic term for language
Code Switching
– Code switching can occur in conversation between speakers’ turns or
within a single speaker’s turn. In the latter case it can occur between
sentences (inter-sententially) or within a single sentence (intra-
sententially).
Code mixing
– The alternation of codes in a sentence.
Intra-word
– The insertion of lexeme in a word.
Review of Related 
Literature 
Review of Related Literature 

– Communication Accommodation Theory

– Markedness Model
– Eight functions of code-switching (Saville-Troike)
– Language Contact
– Code-Switching
Chapter III – 
Methodology
Research design

– The research employs Conversational Analysis. (Holmes,

2010).
Research locale

– Ateneo de Davao University College department

Research respondents

– Three randomly selected clubs of Ateneo de Davao College

department.
Research instrument

– Transcription
Data collection procedure

– Researchers will send letter of consent to some clubs of

Ateneo de Davao College department. The clubs will be
randomly chosen. When approved, researchers will ask for
the schedule of their meetings that the researches can
record it for transcription purposes. After they will agree to
be our participants of our study, they will sign the consent
forms.
– After transcribing it and analyzing then we will conduct an
FGD with each club.
 Data Analysis

– The researchers will then transcribe the recording, categorize it, then
analyze it using the two lenses the Markedness Model and the Eight
functions of Code-switching.
Ethical consideration

In our study consent is obtained by attaching the necessary

elements in or consent form. We included prior
information on key elements of our research such as
purpose, procedures, and a clause stipulating that
participation is voluntary and the participants have the
right to withdraw from the study.
 Annexes
and
Bibliography
Informed Consent: Use of Recorded Speech
– You are about to participate in a study about Multilingualism of College students of Ateneo de Davao.
This involves recording your speech for transcription purpose. Please read the information below and
circle your answer. Please sign and date below to confirm your willingness to participate, once you are
happy with how the recordings will be used. Thank you.
Consent for participation
– I consent to having my speech recorded for the specific research project investigating Multilingualism
on College students of Ateneo de Davao. I have been given the opportunity to ask questions about the
tasks.
– Yes No
– I understand that I have the right to terminate this recording session at any point. The recording of my
speech will be deleted at that time, and will be returned to me upon request.
– Yes No
Use of Recordings:
– Specific research project use
– I agree that these recordings may be used for the specific research project investigating
Multilingualism on College students of Ateneo de Davao, and understand that these recordings may
be used in teaching or research-related presentations and publications. My name will not be revealed
under any circumstances.
– Yes No
General research use
– I agree that these recordings may be kept permanently in the Linguistics & English Language
archives, and that they may be used by the above-named researcher as well as by other
researchers for teaching or research purposes, in presentations, and publications. My name
will not be revealed under any circumstances.
– Yes No
General public use
– I agree that these recordings may be kept permanently in the Linguistics & English Language
archives, and may be made publicly available for general use, e.g. used in radio or television
broadcasts, or put on the world-wide web. My name will not be revealed under any
circumstances.
– Yes No
Are you willing to participate in future experiments?
– Yes No
– Name:________________________________
Email:__________________________________
– Address:________________________________
– Signature___________________________Date_______________________________
– Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (n.d.). Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic
approach. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from
https://lingcult.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/identity_and_interaction_bucholtz_a
nd_hall2005.pdf

– Coulmas, F. (2005). Sociolinguistics: The study of speaker’s choices. UK: Cambridge

University Press.
– Constantino, E. (n.d.). Some problems in Philippine linguistics. Retrieved September
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http://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-01-01-1963/Constantino.pdf
– Holmes, J. (2014). Research methods in sociolinguistics: a practical guide.
Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
– Languages in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2017, from
http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/languages-in-the-philippines/
– Romaine, S. (2000). Language in society: an introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
– Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2015). An introduction to sociolinguistics. West
Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.