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Computer - Input Devices: - Following Are Some of The Important Input Devices Which Are Used in A Computer

The document discusses various computer input and output devices. It describes keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, and other common input devices. For output, it covers monitors, printers, and other devices. It provides details on CRT monitors and how they work, as well as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. It also briefly mentions hard copy devices like printers and plotters.

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bhargavi rebba
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41 views

Computer - Input Devices: - Following Are Some of The Important Input Devices Which Are Used in A Computer

The document discusses various computer input and output devices. It describes keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, and other common input devices. For output, it covers monitors, printers, and other devices. It provides details on CRT monitors and how they work, as well as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. It also briefly mentions hard copy devices like printers and plotters.

Uploaded by

bhargavi rebba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer - Input Devices

• Following are some of the important input


devices which are used in a computer.

• Keyboard

• Mouse
• Joy Stick

• Light pen

• Track Ball
• Scanner

• Graphic Tablet
• Microphone

• Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)


• Optical Character Reader(OCR)

• Bar Code Reader


• Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
Computer - Output Devices

• Following are some of the important output


devices used in a computer.
Monitors
Graphic Plotter
Printer
• Monitors: commonly called as Visual Display
Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a
computer.

There are two kinds of viewing screen used for


monitors.

Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)


Plasma Panel Display
Liquid Crystal Display
Understanding of CRT
The CRT is a display screen which produces images in
the form of the video signal.
Working of CRT
• The working of CRT depends on the movement of electron beam.

• The electron guns generate sharply focused electrons which are accelerated

at high voltage.

• After exiting from the electron gun, the beam passes through the pairs of

electrostatic deflection plate.

• These plates deflected the beams when the voltage applied across it.

• one pair of plate moves the beam upward and the second pair of plate

moves the beam from one side to another.

• The working parts of a CRT are enclosed in a vacuum glass envelope so

that the emitted electron can easily move freely from one end of the tube to

the other.
• There are basically two image drawing
techniques that are used in graphic displays.
i) Stroke Writing
ii) Raster Scan
In Stroke Writing display, the electron gun
directly draws the vectors on the screen to
generate the image.
 In Raster Scan, the whole display surface is
divided into a matrix of small dots called
pixels and the electron beam scans the whole
surface area line by line.
• Irrespective of the writing technique employed,
the phosphor glow created by the electron
impingement on the screen in short lived.
• To achieve a static image, storage tube technology
is developed by the Tektronix in 1972 called
DVST.
• In DVST, the display is generated in same way as
in conventional CRT.
• However a cathode grid would be a part of the
screen surface, which once excited by the electron
beam would continuously emit electrons which
would maintain the image on the screen.
• The disadvantage of this system is that once
written, partial erasing of an image is not possible.
• Presently, this type of devices are almost obsolete.
• The second method used is that of direct stroke writing
with a direct refreshing tube or vector refresh tube.
• In this the image is generated on the screen by direct
drawing of straight vectors on the screen.
• As the phosphor glow is short lived, it is continuously
refreshed by repeated stroke writing at a rate enough to
eliminate flicker from the screen.
• It is required to refresh the screen at a rate about 60
times/sec to maintain flicker free vision.
• It is possible to obtain colour display in refresher tubes.
• The phosphor coating on the screen contains three
different dots (RGB) arranged side by side at the same
spot.
• The CRT contains three electron guns.
• In the raster scan displays, the complete screen is
divided into matrix of pixels.
• Each square represents one pixel.

• The electron beam generates a single dot at the


center of the screen.
• The distance between the squares is called the dot
pitch which indicates the fineness of the display.
• The display is generated by identifying which
pixels need to be bright for a given vector and
then the full-screen display is obtained by
scanning the complete screen horizontally line
by line as shown in fig.
• The refresh rate is to be maintained sufficiently
high to have no flicker in the image.
• For this the whole screen is to be completely
written in 1/60th of a second.
• This is called sequential or non-interlaced
refreshing
• In some low cost devices, the refresh rate is
half which reduces the cost of the monitor.
• In these devices, in each of the cycles only half
of the screen image is refreshed instead of full
by omitting alternate lines termed as interlaced
refreshing.
Plasma Panel
• A layer of gas (usually neon) is sandwiched
between two glass plates.
• By applying high voltage to a pair of
horizontal and vertical conductors, a small
section of the gas (tiny neon bulb) at the
intersection of the conductors break down into
glowing plasma of electrons and ions..
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
• Used in small systems, such as calculators, laptop
computers.
• Produce a picture by passing polarized light (from
the surrounding or from an internal light source)
through a liquid-crystal material that can be aligned
to either block or transmit the light.
• Liquid crystals exist in a state between liquid and
solid.
• LCs are sensitive to temperature.
• The array of LCs become opaque when the electric
field is applied.
• LCD makes use of a type of LC that exists in
what is called the Nematic Phase.
• Nematic LC is a transparent material that
causes the light polarization waves to change
as they pass through the LC.
• Twisted NLC has a natural twist at the
molecular level and the degree of twist is
highly controllable by applying current.
• LCD consists of two sheets of polarized glass having a
film on one side which provides the glass its
polarizing properties.
• A special polymer is applied on the other side on
which a coat of NLC is added.
• The two pieces of glass are arranged in such a way
that the polarization of the second sits at a right
angle to that of the first.
• If the molecules are twisted then the light will
pass.
• When the current passes through the NLC, it
will untwist, blocking the light.
• LCD monitors use either built-in fluorescent
bulbs or LEDs.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY (LED)
• LED display is a screen display technology that
uses a panel of LEDs as the light source.
• The biggest advantage of the LED display is its
efficient and low-energy consumption.
• An LED display consists of a number of LED
panels that, in turn, consist of several LEDs.
• A matrix of diodes is arranged to form the
pixel positions in the display, and picture
definition is stored in a refresh buffer.
• Information is read from the refreshed buffer
and converted to voltage levels that are applied
to the diodes to produce the light patterns in
the display.
HARD COPY DEVICES
• Once the output is obtained on the display
devices, it can be transformed to hard copy
using:
Graphical Printers
Plotters
Photographic devices.
Graphical Printers
1. Impact Dot-Matrix Printer
2. Thermal transfer Printer
3. Inkjet Printer
4. Laser Printer
5. Colour Laser Printer
Impact Dot-Matrix Printer
Thermal transfer Printer

Laser Printer

Inkjet Printer
Plotters

Electrostatic Plotter

Inkjet Plotter

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