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Acceleration and Deceleration

The document discusses acceleration and deceleration, defining them as the rate of change and decrease of velocity, respectively. It provides formulas for calculating acceleration and deceleration from initial and final velocities and time. Examples are given of using the concepts and calculations to analyze linear motions with changing speeds.

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Ct Rahayu
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359 views28 pages

Acceleration and Deceleration

The document discusses acceleration and deceleration, defining them as the rate of change and decrease of velocity, respectively. It provides formulas for calculating acceleration and deceleration from initial and final velocities and time. Examples are given of using the concepts and calculations to analyze linear motions with changing speeds.

Uploaded by

Ct Rahayu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREVIOUS LESSON…

Is a specified
direction has the
shortest
DISPLACEMENT magnitude of DISTANCE

Is the rate of Is the rate of


change of change of

VELOCITY SPEED
In a linear motion is
the magnitude of
PHYSICS FORM 4
LEARNING OUTCOME
 At the end of this lesson, student should be
able to :
# Define acceleration and deceleration
# State that a = v – u
t
# Calculate acceleration and
deceleration.
How does acceleration
relate to change of
velocity ??
u = 0 m/s Direction of motion v = 8 m/s

1)

t = 0.08 s

u = 0 m/s
v = 5 m/s

2)

t = 0.08 s
How does acceleration
relate to change of
time ??
u = 0 m/s Direction of motion v =10 m/s

1)

t = 0.08 s

u = 0 m/s
v = 10 m/s

2)

t = 0.14 s
We can analyses linear motion in a laboratory
using a ticker timer
A vibrating
metal strip with Vibrator connected to an alternating current (a.c.)
pin is set to power supply (12 or 6 V)
vibrate up and
down 50 times
VIBRATOR
per second

Metal strip

Trolley
Ticker tape

Each time the metal pin moves down, it As the trolley moves, it pulls the
makes a dot on the carbonised ticker tape through the ticker timer.
tape which passes underneath it
 The ticker timer can be used to determine the
following variables:
 The time interval of the motion
 The displacement of the object
 The velocity of the object
 The acceleration of the object
 The type of motion of the object
DAILY LIFE SITUATION
Motion A

Motion B

Motion C
A
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is increasing.


 The car is moving with increasing velocity.
 It is accelerating.
 Speeds up.
B
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is the same.


 The car is moving with constant velocity.
 It means acceleration is zero.
C
Direction of motion

 The distance between dots is decreasing.


 The car is moving with decreasing velocity.
 It is decelerating.
 Slows down.
What is acceleration
and deceleration??
 Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration = change in velocity a= v–u
time taken for the change t

 Acceleration is a vector quantity.


 The SI unit of acceleration is ms-2.
 Physically, when an object moves faster and faster it
is moving with acceleration.
 Object that moves slower and slower is moving with
deceleration.
 Deceleration can be define as the rate of decrease in
velocity.
a positive

v positive
Direction of motion

a negative

Direction of motion v negative

a negative

v positive
Direction of motion

a positive

Direction of motion v negative


 A negative acceleration does not always
mean that an object is slowing down.

 When the velocity and acceleration are in


the same direction, the object moves faster.

 When the velocity and acceleration of the


object are in the opposite direction, its slows
down.
EXAMPLE :
A sprinter runs from the
starting lines and achieves
a velocity of 18ms-1 in 3s.
Calculate his
acceleration??

We know that :
u = 0ms-1
v = 18ms-1
t = 3s

a = v – u = 18ms-1 - 0ms-1 = 6ms-2


t 3s
PROBLEM TO SOLVE…

A roller coaster’s speed at the top of a hill is


10ms-1. Two seconds later, it reaches the
bottom of the hill with a speed of 26ms-1.
What is the acceleration of the roller
coaster?
ANSWER…
Where; v = 26ms-1
u = 10ms-1
t = 2s
Acceleration = change of velocity
time taken
= final velocity,v – initial velocity,u
time taken,t
= 26ms-1 - 10ms-1
2s
= 8ms-2
At the end of a race, a bicycle is
decelerate from a velocity of 12ms-1 to a
rest position in 30 seconds. What is the
deceleration of this bicycle?
ANSWER…
Where; v = 0ms-1
u = 12ms-1
t = 30s
Deceleration = change of velocity
time taken
= final velocity,v – initial velocity,u
time taken,t
= 0ms-1 - 12ms-1
30s
= -0.4ms-2
LEARNING OUTCOME
 At this lesson, student are able to :
# Define acceleration and deceleration.
# State that a = v – u
t
# Calculate acceleration and
deceleration.
COMPARISON
ACCELERATION DECELERATION
DEFINITION : the rate of change of DEFINITION : the rate of decrease in
velocity. velocity.

FORMULA : a = v – u FORMULA : a = v – u
t t
SI UNIT : ms-2 SI UNIT : ms-2

when an object moves faster and faster Object that moves slower and slower is
it is moving with acceleration. moving with deceleration.
HOMEWORK…
Read “Analyzing Motion Graph” -
(text books; page 28)
Do review questions - (exercise
book; page 107)

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