PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
TRAINING

by: Caridad R. Corridor

National Coordinator
PhilDHRRA

Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP)

27-28 January 2016
A program is a set of related projects that
together achieve a beneficial change of
a strategic nature for an organization.
(Wikipedia)

A project is a specific plan or design; a

planned undertaking. (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary)
Project

A unique endeavor to produce a set of

deliverables with a clearly specified time,
cost and quality constraints.

(Project Management Guidebook Method 123, www.method123.com)

 Projects...

 Are unique in nature.

 Have a defined timescale

 Have an approved budget

 Have limited resources

 Achieve beneficial change

 How did you
identify and design
your current
projects?
 Project Cycle

Baseline Data
and Assessing
Needs

Evaluation Planning

Implementation
and Monitoring
Baseline Data and
Assessing Needs

 Data Gathering
 Problem Analysis/Issue Analysis

 Needs Assessment/Needs Prioritization

 Identification of Alternatives

 Project Identification
 Planning

 What do we want to achieve? (Setting of Goals and

Objectives)

 How will the project be implemented (Strategies)

 What actions will be done (Activities)

 When will the activities be done? Who will be

responsible?

 How much is needed? (Budget)

Implementation and
Monitoring

 Coordination/Organizing

 Monitoring

 Contingency Management
 Evaluation

Evaluation is intended to find out the

following:

 Achievement of goals and objectives

 Appropriateness of strategies used

 Cost efficiency

 Impact
Community Project Development Model
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
PHASE
Steps in Project Development

1. Collecting Baseline Data

2. Analysis of the Situation:

a) Problem Analysis/Needs Assessment

b) Prioritization of Needs

c) Defining Alternatives

d) Selection of Alternative ---- Project Identification

3. Developing the design or project plan: developing

an action plan, a feasibility study
STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection

Data/Information Needed
 Political/administrative structure
 Demographic features and population characteristics

 Economic activities

 Social stratification and power relations

 Organisations and their functions and activities

 Leadership pattern and its influence

 Cultural facets or traditions

 Critical issues and problems

STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection

Sources of Information
 Documents or files in government offices/NGOs

 Reports of surveys

 Community members

 Informal leaders in the community

 Government officials or formal leaders

 NGO personnel

 Politicians or local representatives of the area

STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection

Methods of gathering data

 Document review

 Questionnaires

 Discussions

 Interviews

 Observations and informal conversations

 Listening to people

 Brainstorming sessions
STEP 2. Situation Analysis

Methods for Situation Analysis

 Problem Analysis (Problem Tree) – looking at

the cause and effect relationships of
problems

 SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses,

Opportunities and Threats)
STEP 2. Situation Analysis

Problem Tree Analysis

 Identify the core problem

- The problems are expressed in a negative state.

- The core problem must pertinently describe the central point

of the overall problematic condition.

- The core problem does not automatically turn into

the later project purpose.

 Identify the causes

 Identify the effects
Problem Tree Example
Poor Health
Condition of Rural No Cash Income
Population

Low Nutritional No Marketable

Intake Surplus

Low Farm Productivity

Inefficient
Low Labor Post-harvest
Extension Low Soil Fertility
Productivity Losses
Services

New Techniques
Not Used
Problem Tree Analysis

WHAT? Establish cause-and-effect

relationship and root cause of problems

WHY? To see causes of problems and

determine how it will impact the project;
sets the context of intervention

HOW? Settle on a core problem and build the

tree from there
STEP 2. Situation Analysis

Analysis of Objectives

 Reword all problems making them into objectives

(positive statements)

 Transform the hierarchy of problems (problem tree) into

a hierarchy of objectives (objectives tree) and the set
objectives are analysed.
Objective Tree Example
Good Health
Condition of Rural With Cash Income
Population

High Nutritional With Marketable

Intake Surplus

High Farm Productivity

Efficient
High Labor Post-harvest
Extension Soil Fertile
Productivity Minimals
Services

New Techniques
Used
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
STEP 2. Situation Analysis

What to Consider in Prioritizing Needs and

Identifying the Project/s to Implement

 Organizational Capacity

 Urgency of the Need

 Chance of Success

 Multiplier Effect
 What do you
What is the currently have to
problem address this
needed to be need?
solved?

What are
your
limitations?

Specific
SpecificProject
ProjectIdentified
Identified
STEP 3. Designing the Project
a) Define clearly the target group
Ask : Towards whom can we direct our efforts to do something
about the problem?

In defining the target group, the following issues need to be

addressed:

• Who should the target group be for real changes in the desired
direction to take place?
• What conflicts may arise?
• What structures are already there, or can be mobilized, to
enable broad communication with the target group, and to
deal with potential conflicts?

The target group can be defined according to age, sex, occupation,

income group, geographical area, or membership of a particular
social class or other group.
STEP 3. Designing the Project

b) Identify the Goals and Objectives

 The statement of GOALS for the project should answer the

question:

What do we want to achieve with the project?

 Defining goals and objectives means deciding what problems are to be

given priority. (Go back to the problem tree and objective tree)

 The goals should as far as possible be realistic.

 A goal defines, very broadly, what is expected of a project and is

made up of several objectives all leading to the achievement of
the goal.
STEP 3. Designing the Project

Objectives have to be:

• Related to needs

• Specific

• Clear

• Measurable or quantifiable

• Appropriate

• Achievable/feasible

• Time-bound
STEP 3. Designing the Project

c) Establish the Feasibility: Identify Assumptions/

Constraints

 Assumptions are the preconditions for implementing the

activities, these are necessary to sustain the overall goals in
the long term.

 Identify and assess the assumptions made and the

inherent constraints.

 Adapt the goals and o choose the strategies with the best
chance of success.
STEP 3. Designing the Project

d) Determine the Project Strategy

 How will the goals be achieved?

 What results are to be produced?

 What resources are required?

 What are the risks and how are they addressed?

STEP 3. Designing the Project

e) Identify the Activities

Planning project activities involves the following steps:

1. Identifying activities. The activities should be based on the

objectives, taking into consideration the resources and
constraints.
2. Setting the time frame for the activities.
3. Identifying the person/s responsible for the activities.
4. Determining human, financial and material resources.
5. Prepare the monitoring and evaluation plan.
STEP 3. Designing the Project

f.) Budget

The budget should include an estimate of the services,

equipment, facilities, and materials that can be contributed
by the beneficiaries (both in-kind and financial
contributions), so that the community knows the value of its
own contribution, donor agencies can see how much the
beneficiaries are contributing, because they often require
matching funds, ownership is reinforced.
STEP 3. Designing the Project

After the design has been made it should be

written down as a project plan and, when external
funding is needed, a project proposal should be
prepared, including a detailed budget.
Thank you.