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Outlines and Concept Maps

The document discusses outlines and concept maps. It differentiates between outlines and concept maps, noting that outlines show relationships among main ideas and details in a hierarchical structure, while concept maps show the flow of ideas from a main idea to supporting details. The document provides examples of formal and informal outlines, including their structures and formatting. It also discusses key aspects to consider when writing outlines and concept maps, such as using parallel structure.
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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
170 views101 pages

Outlines and Concept Maps

The document discusses outlines and concept maps. It differentiates between outlines and concept maps, noting that outlines show relationships among main ideas and details in a hierarchical structure, while concept maps show the flow of ideas from a main idea to supporting details. The document provides examples of formal and informal outlines, including their structures and formatting. It also discusses key aspects to consider when writing outlines and concept maps, such as using parallel structure.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Outlines and
Concept Maps
Group 5
Objectives
• Differentiate outline from concept map,
• Appreciate the importance of concept
map and outline for easy understanding
of the reading text and;
• Create an outline and concept map out
from the original reading text.
The class will be divided into 4.

Who Can Identify the


Main Idea?
Write your answer in a piece of
paper.
Identify the MAIN IDEA
Love is the highest expression of the human
heart. Where there is love there are no negative
and destructive feelings of anger, greed, jealousy
and revenge. Love seeks the welfare of the other.
Love makes one think of another’s happiness and
contentment rather than one’s own. Where there
is love there is harmony, peace and joy. Care,
concern and affection are expressed by one who
loves.
Identify the MAIN IDEA

Education is the backbone of a civilization.


Education helps in the progress as also in the
growth and development of a society
socially, politically and economically.
Education serves as the foundation of
enlightenment, emancipation and
empowerment.
Match

Class A Class B
1.Outline a. Formal and Informal
b. Shows the relationships
2. 2 types of outline among the main idea, major
supporting details, and minor
supporting details.
c. Is a diagram that shows the
flow of ideas from the main idea
3. Concept Map to the supporting details.
the ANSWERS.

1. Love is the highest expression of the


human heart.
2.Education is the backbone of a
civilization.
1.B 2.a 3.c
2
OUTLINE
Shows the relationships
among the main idea, major
supporting details, and minor
supporting details.
2 types of OUTLINES:

1. Formal – follows specific rules


2.Informal – varies according to
individual style.
OUTLINES
Formal Outlines Informal Outlines
Main ideas indicated by Roman Records only main ideas and
numerals ( I, II, III) major details.

Major details indicated by


capital letters (A, B, C)

Minor details indicated by


Arabic Numerals ( 1, 2, 3)
Formal Outline
Heading
I. Main Idea Roman Numerals are used
A. First major detail to indicate main ideas,
1. First minor detail Capital Letters to indicate
2. Second minor detail major details,
II. Main Idea and Arabic Numbers
A. First major detail to indicate minor details.
B. Second major detail
Several aspects must be considered in writing a
sentence outline.

If you have chosen to write a sentence outline, all


headings and sub-headings must be in sentence form.

As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision


can not be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an
"A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be
a "2."
Let’s read.
Negative Effects of Divorce on Adolescents
When family conflicts arise as a result of divorce, adolescents suffer. During the first year,
these young people may be depressed due to conflicts between the custodial and non-custodial
parents. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles are often restricted by visitation provisions. Almost
without exception, adolescents find divorce very painful, but they react in differing degrees
depending on their age.
Some of the most negative effects on adolescents may be associated with economic
problems. The family will most probably experience a lower standard of living due to the cost of
maintaining two households. Some female custodial parents have poor job skills and must train
before entering the job market. The lower standard of living may result in misunderstanding and
conflicts within the family. The decreased standard of living, particularly for an untrained female
custodial parent, often causes relocation. The family may have to move to a poorer neighborhood
in order to cut costs. As a result, the adolescent may have to attend a different school.
Adolescents from divorced families often experience peer problems. Due to relocation
and prejudice, adolescents may lose friends. The lack of a solid relationship with both parents
affects an adolescent's attitude toward the opposite sex.
Sentence outline.
Cooking and eating at home provides many benefits not found when
dining out.
An effect of cooking and eating at home is the complete control of
one’s food. The opportunity to hand pick the most quality ingredients and
health and nutritional effects. Cooking and preparing the food exactly as
preferred while enjoying the experience in the comfort of one’s own home.
Economically, cooking and eating at home will save money. It will
cause fewer trips out of the house. Groceries and ingredients are much
cheaper than dishes served in restaurants and no need to tip wait staff.
Another effect of cooking and eating at home is a closeness between
family and friends. It is much more personal to cook for someone than to
take them out to eat. Family members and friends can teach and learn
from each other in the kitchen.
Examples of Formal Sentence Outlines
Styles of marriage have been redefined in the present time.
Traditional Marriages are heterosexual marriages based on a format
that has been utilized for a long time. These marriages are firmly rooted in
gender roles. Some of these gender roles have been challenged over time.
Many people believe this to be outdated. Traditional marriages still have a
place in society.
Modern Heterosexual Marriages are similar to that of traditional
marriages, but have several important differences. These marriages focus
less on gender roles, and more on equal partnership. They are the updated
form of traditional marriages. Modern heterosexual marriages are
becoming commonplace in today’s society. They are replacing the historical
norm for marriages.
Gay Marriages are romantic commitments in which the two people
involved are of the same gender. These marriages operate without a concept
of gender roles. Gay marriage has not been approved as a legal right. There
is opposition in today’s society to this type of marriages.
Convenience Marriages are marriages that exist simply for the
benefit of legal rights. These marriages often lack romantic connection.
Marriage affords a couple privileges in areas such as taxes, decision
making, and benefit upon death. People may seek to have these benefits,
and romantic connection is not a prerequisite for marriage. These
marriages are often considered immoral in society.
Open Marriages are marriages in which romantic and/or sexual
connections with people outside of the marriage is expected and allowed.
These marriages can be either heterosexual or homosexual. Partners will
agree to this sort of lifestyle before engaging in activities outside of the
marriage. These marriages are often misunderstood as being marriages
without commitment.
Today’s advertising is ruining our society.
Advertisement images create behavior that is less than desirable. People want to
look like the people being advertised. Young people see celebrities or a famous person
smoking cigars so they pick it up thinking it is cool. People becoming obese because of
the obsessive advertisements of food.
Misleading advertising is common and very detrimental. Infomercials that claim
so many good things but none are true. Reputable companies misleading consumers.
Baiting consumer with price and having no or little items in stock (Think Black Friday).
Consumers are flooded and constantly bothered by vertisements everywhere they
go. Having companies sell consumer information to advertising companies. Receiving
spam mail from Mailboxes and email. Having telemarketers call consumers trying to get
them to buy something. Riding your car down the street and having people solicit you
for donations
Several aspects must be considered in writing a
topic outline.

Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words


or phrases, not sentences.

Also, the wording within each division must be parallel.


Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or
subdivision cannot be divided into one part; therefore, if
there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1"
there must be a "2."
Informal Outline
Main Idea: Turn main idea into a question to locate details and look for
sign words.
1. First major detail Format may vary
according to each
a. First minor detail
student’s note-taking style.
b. Second minor detail
Capital letters and numbers
2. First major detail
may or may not
a. First minor detail
be used.
b. Second minor detail
When you Create an outline,
SUPPORTING DETAIL
MAIN IDEA SIGNALS
SIGNALS
• a few causes • a series of • additionally • for example
• a few effects • several • also • furthermore
advantages
• a few factors • another • in addition
• several kinds • finally • last
• a few reasons
of
• a few steps
• first, second, • moreover
• several steps third …
• a number of
3
CONCEPT MAPS
Is a diagram that shows the flow
of ideas from the main idea to
the supporting details.
MAIN IDEA

Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Supporting Detail


Concept Maps shows the flow of ideas
Minor Detail
Major Detail

Minor Detail
Main idea

Major Detail Minor Detail


What are concept maps?
• Concept maps are visual representations of information. They can
take the form of charts, graphic organizers, tables, flowcharts,
Venn Diagrams, timelines, or T-charts. Concept maps are
especially useful for students who learn better visually, although
they can benefit any type of learner. They are a powerful study
strategy because they help you see the big picture—because they
start with higher-level concepts, they help you chunk information
based on meaningful connections. In other words, knowing the big
picture makes details more significant and easier to remember.
• Concept maps work very well for classes or content that have visual
elements or in times when it is important to see and understand
relationships between different things. They can also be used to
analyze information and compare and contrast.
4
What is the importance of concept map and outline
for easy understanding of the reading text?

• An outline allows a writer to categorize the main points, to


organize the paragraphs into an order that makes sense, and
to make sure that each paragraph/idea can be fully developed.
Essentially, an outline helps prevent a writer from getting
stuck when performing the actual writing of the essay.
• An outline provides a map of where to go with the essay. A
well-developed outline will show what the thesis of the essay
is, what the main idea of each body paragraph is, and the
evidence/support that will be offered in each paragraph to
substantiate the main points.
A study shows from
(Development of English Reading
Comprehension by Using Concept Maps )
• Reading is the single most important fundamental skill a person can acquire. However,
in Thailand, English language learning, especially in reading skill, seems to be the big
problem to students because most of them find English reading difficult and lack of
motivation in doing so. As a result, the purpose of this study were to study the
development of English reading comprehension by using concept maps, and to study the
students’ attitudes towards learning English reading comprehension by using concept
maps. This study conducted through the use of scores from concept map retelling based
on the redeveloped rubrics and comprehension test. The interview was also conducted. The
results showed that the percentage of retelling and comprehension test were 81.25 percent
and 86.50 percent respectively. Student stated that concept maps helped them understand
English reading better. This could be concluded that the use of concept maps could
enhance the students’ English reading comprehension.
Quiz . 

Re-write a sample given Sentence Outline in a 1 whole


sheet of paper.
Negative Effects of Divorce on Adolescents

When family conflicts arise as a result of divorce, adolescents suffer. During the first
year, these young people may be depressed due to conflicts between the custodial and non-
custodial parents. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles are often restricted by visitation provisions.
Almost without exception, adolescents find divorce very painful, but they react in differing
degrees depending on their age.
Some of the most negative effects on adolescents may be associated with economic
problems. The family will most probably experience a lower standard of living due to the cost
of maintaining two households. Some female custodial parents have poor job skills and must
train before entering the job market. The lower standard of living may result in
misunderstanding and conflicts within the family. The decreased standard of living,
particularly for an untrained female custodial parent, often causes relocation. The family may
have to move to a poorer neighborhood in order to cut costs. As a result, the adolescent may
have to attend a different school.
Adolescents from divorced families often experience peer problems. Due to relocation
and prejudice, adolescents may lose friends. The lack of a solid relationship with both parents
affects an adolescent's attitude toward the opposite sex.
What are concept maps?
• Concept maps are visual representations of information. They can
take the form of charts, graphic organizers, tables, flowcharts,
Venn Diagrams, timelines, or T-charts. Concept maps are
especially useful for students who learn better visually, although
they can benefit any type of learner. They are a powerful study
strategy because they help you see the big picture—because they
start with higher-level concepts, they help you chunk information
based on meaningful connections. In other words, knowing the big
picture makes details more significant and easier to remember.
• Concept maps work very well for classes or content that have visual
elements or in times when it is important to see and understand
relationships between different things. They can also be used to
analyze information and compare and contrast.
T-Charts

are a type of chart, a graphic organizer in which a


student lists and examines two facets of a topic, like the
pros and cons associated with it, its advantages and
disadvantages, facts vs. opinions, etc.

For example, a student can use a T-chart to help


graphically organize thoughts about:
Making a decision by comparing resulting advantages
and disadvantages (like getting a pet or taking a new
job),
Evaluating the pros and cons of a topic (for example,
adopting a new invention),
Enumerating the problems and solutions associated with
an action (for example, analyzing the plot of a book or a
topic like poor nutrition),
Listing facts vs. opinions of a theme (great to use after
reading a selection of text or a news article),
Explaining the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of
writing (useful after reading a piece of persuasive or
expository writing),
Listing any two characteristics of a topic (like the main
ideas for a given topic and a salient detail for each idea).
Block Diagram
What is a Block Diagram?
A block diagram is a
specialized, high-level
flowchart used in engineering.
It is used to design new
systems or to describe and
improve existing ones. Its
structure provides a high-
level overview of major
system components, key
process participants, and
important working
relationships
Types and Uses of Block
Diagrams
A block diagram provides a quick,
high-level view of a system to rapidly
identify points of interest or trouble
spots. Because of its high-level
perspective, it may not offer the level
of detail required for more
comprehensive planning or
implementation.
A block diagram is especially focused
on the input and output of a system. It
cares less about what happens getting
from input to output. This principle is
referred to as black box in engineering.
Either the parts that get us from input
to output are not known or they are
not important.
Block Diagram
Cycle Diagrams
are a type of graphic
organizer that shows how
items are related to one
another in a repeating
cycle. Use a cycle diagram
when there is no
beginning and no end to a
repeating process.
In making a cycle
diagram, the student must
identify the main events in
the cycle, how they
interact, and how the cycle
repeats.
Cycle
Diagram
Cluster diagrams
(also called cloud diagrams)

are a type of non-linear graphic


organizer that can help to
systematize the generation of
ideas based upon a central topic.
Using this type of diagram, the
student can more easily
brainstorm a theme, associate
about an idea, or explore a new
subject
To create a cluster diagram, the
student first thinks of as many terms
or ideas relating to the stimulus topic
as possible (and then writes the
second-level ideas in circles attached
to the main topic) - this first step is
like creating a star diagram.
Then the student explores each of
these new second-level ideas in turn,
and for each, finds as many related
ideas as possible (and adds these
third-level terms to the diagram
around the idea). If more detail is
desired, the previous step can be
repeated for each of the third-level
ideas (or more).
For example, a cluster diagram can be used
to create a graphic display to brainstorm
about a topic like pollution. The first level
of ideas could be specific types of pollution
(like air pollution, water pollution,
polluted soil, etc.), and the second-level
could be details on each of those subtopics
(for air pollution, you could include causes
of air pollution, effects of air pollution,
how to stop it, etc.). You could go on to
include further details on these third-level
topics, and more levels, until you are out of
ideas.
Color coding can be very helpful in making
an easy-to-understand cluster diagam.
Ladder diagrams
are specialized schematics commonly used to document
industrial control logic systems. They are called “ladder”
diagrams because they resemble a ladder, with two
vertical rails (supply power) and as many “rungs”
(horizontal lines) as there are control circuits to
represent. If we wanted to draw a simple ladder diagram
showing a lamp that is controlled by a hand switch, it
would look like this:
TREE DIAGRAM

Graphic tool which systematically


breaks down, and then maps out in
increasing detail, all components or
elements of a condition, phenomenon,
process, or situation, at successive
levels or stages. In case of a 'divergent
tree,' it begins with a single entry that
has one or more paths (branches)
leading out from it, some or all of which
subdivide into more branches. This
process is repeated until all possibilities
are exhausted. In case of a 'convergent
tree,' this process works in reverse.
Family (genealogical) and organization
charts are the common examples of a
tree diagram. Also called chain of
causes or dendrite diagram.
What is a network
diagram?

A network diagram is a visual


representation of a computer or
telecommunications network.
It shows the components that
make up a network and how
they interact, including routers,
devices, hubs, firewalls, etc.
This network diagram shows a
local area network (LAN):
timeline

a graphic
representation
of the passage
of time as a
line.
Activity diagrams

are graphical
representations of
workflows of stepwise
activities and actions
with support for choice,
iteration and
concurrency.
Flow diagram

is a collective term for


a diagram representing
a flow or set of dynamic
relationships in a system. The
term flow diagram is also
used as a synonym for
flowchart, and sometimes as
a counterpart of the
flowchart.
Comparison diagram

or comparative diagram is
a general type of diagram,
in which a comparison is
made between two or more
objects, phenomena or
groups of data. A
comparison diagram or can
offer qualitative and/or
quantitative information.
This type of diagram can
also be called comparison
chart or comparison chart.
A Venn diagram

is a diagram that shows all


possible logical relations
between a finite collection of
different sets. These
diagrams depict elements as
points in the plane, and sets
as regions inside closed
curves. A Venn diagram
consists of multiple
overlapping closed curves,
usually circles, each
representing a set.

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