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The Circulatory System: Ronmar T. Riňo Abegail Bersamin Maila C. Tamondong

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, water, and waste throughout the body using blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It carries oxygen-rich blood to cells and returns oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and heart for re-oxygenation. The heart pumps blood through a closed loop system of arteries, capillaries, and veins to efficiently deliver these materials to all parts of the body while keeping oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate. This system is vital for sustaining life in the human body.

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Kelly Troy Alano
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2K views

The Circulatory System: Ronmar T. Riňo Abegail Bersamin Maila C. Tamondong

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, water, and waste throughout the body using blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It carries oxygen-rich blood to cells and returns oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and heart for re-oxygenation. The heart pumps blood through a closed loop system of arteries, capillaries, and veins to efficiently deliver these materials to all parts of the body while keeping oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separate. This system is vital for sustaining life in the human body.

Uploaded by

Kelly Troy Alano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Circulatory

System
RONMAR T. RIŇO
ABEGAIL BERSAMIN
MAILA C. TAMONDONG
 The Circulatory System is responsibl e
for transporting materials throughout
the entire body.

 It transports nutrients, water, and


oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells
produce.

 It is an amazing highway that travels


through your entire body connecting
all your body cells.
Components
 Heart
 Blood
Blood
 Vessels
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Veins Arteries
 Which gases are transported to and from the body’s
cells by the blood flowing in the circulatory system?

carbon
dioxide
oxygen

Oxygen is the gas needed for respiration and is


transported to the body’s cells.
 The circulatory system carries two types of blood

Oxygen-rich Oxygen-poor
blood blood
Blood travelling to the body  Blood travelling
cells away from the body cells
High oxygen content  Low oxygen content
Low carbon dioxide content  High carbon dioxide content

 Arrangement of the circulatory system means that these


two types of blood do not mix.
 The heart is the organ at the centre of the circulatory
system. It pumps blood around the body.
 The inside of the heart is divided into two sections so
that the two types of blood (oxygen-rich and oxygen-
poor) are kept apart

Right side Left side


of the heart of the heart
Oxygen- Oxygen-
poor blood rich blood
mps
 Heart walls:
Epicardium
 Outermost layer
 Fat to cushion heart

Myocardium
 Middle layer
 Primarily cardiac muscle

Endocardium
 Innermost layer
 Thin and smooth
 Stretches as the heart pu
 The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a
septum, or wall.
 The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and

oxygen poor blood.


 On each side of the septum are two chambers.

 The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium.

 The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the


ventricle.
 Four chambers
Two Atria Two Ventricles
 Upper chambers  Lower chambers
 Left and right  Left and right
 Separated by interatrial  Separated by interventricular
septum septum

Right Atrium Left Atrium

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle


 The chambers of the heart have different functions:
blood to blood to
the lungs the body

blood from blood from


the body the lungs

The ventricles
The Atria
pump blood
collect blood
out of the
that enters the
heart.
heart.
 The valves between the atria and ventricles are connected
to the inner walls of the heart by tough tendons.

valve open
 The tendons allow the valves to close and hold the valve
flaps in place. They prevent the valves from flipping up
and turning inside out

valve open valve closed


 A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.

 If the door is held by someone at a fixed point, only the arm


moves as the door opens and closes.
 When the door is closed the arm is fully extended, so the
door can only be opened in one direction.
 A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.

 In the heart, the tendons holding the valve are like the
arm holding the door.

 One end of each tendon is fixed to the wall of the heart


and so the valve can only open in one direction.
Some common problems of the circulatory system
include :

Aneurysm- a weak spot in the wall of an artery


Atherosclerosis- a narrowing of the arteries
caused by plaque deposits
Heart Disease- lack of blood supply to the heart
because of narrowed arteries
High blood pressure- can be caused by obesity
(among other things)
Varicose veins- problems with the valves that
stop blood from running backwards.
 The heart can pump blood because it is made of muscle.
Muscle tissue works by contracting (squeezing) and
relaxing.
 All the parts of the heart on
either side, work together in a
repeated sequence.
 The two atria contract and
relax; then the two ventricles
contract and relax.
 This is how blood moves
through the heart and is
pumped to the lungs and the
body.
 One complete sequence of
contraction and relaxation is
called a heartbeat.
 As blood moves through the
circulatory system it moves
through 3 types of blood
vessels:
Arteries: Carry blood away
from the heart .
Capillaries: Link arterioles to
veins.
Veins: Carry blood towards
the heart.
Arteries
 Large vessels
 Carry blood from heart to tissues of body.
 Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary
arteries.
 Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart
pushes blood into them.

Capillaries
 Smallest blood vessels
 Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
 Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues
and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.
 Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it
must be returned to the heart. Done by veins
 Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.

 Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood


flowing toward heart.
 Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles
contract, blood is forced through veins.
 The heart produces pressure

 The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is


known as blood pressure.

 Blood pressure decreases as the heart relaxes,


but the rest of the circulatory system is still
under pressure.
 When blood pressure is taken, the cuff is wrapped
around the upper portion of the arm and pumped with
air until blood flow in the artery is blocked.

 As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are


recorded.
Systolic pressure- the first number taken, is the force felt in the
arteries when the ventricles contract.

Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of the


blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax.
Blood
 What percent of your body is blood? 8%
 How much blood do we contain?
On average 4-6 liters
We contain about a pint of blood for
every 15 pounds of body weight
 Composition of Blood:
What percent of your blood is

cellular? 45%
What percent of your blood is
plasma? 55%
Blood
 Composed of plasma and blood cells
 Types of Cells are:
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
 Plasma
Straw colored
90% water
10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes,
hormones, wastes, and proteins.
Blood
 Plasma proteins
3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.
Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty
acids, hormones and vitamins.
Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot

 Red Blood Cells


Most numerous type
Transport oxygen
Get color from hemoglobin
Disk shaped
Made in red bone marrow
Circulate for 120 days
Blood
 White Blood Cells
Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens
and remember them

 Platelets
Aid the body in clotting
Small fragments
Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting
factor to help form clot.
Blood
Red Blood Blood has 3 main
Cells
Functions
Transport
Protection
White Blood
Temperature
Cells Regulation
Plasma

Platelets
THE END!

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