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Fire Detection and Alarm Panel

1) The document discusses different types of fire detection systems including smoke detectors, flame detectors, and heat detectors. 2) Smoke detectors use photoelectric or ionization technology to detect smoke. Flame detectors use ultraviolet or infrared technology to detect flames. Heat detectors include fixed temperature and rate-of-rise detectors. 3) An automatic fire detection system is important for reducing property damage, providing quick information about fires, and protecting occupants and materials through 24/7 monitoring.

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Shariq Khan
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53 views18 pages

Fire Detection and Alarm Panel

1) The document discusses different types of fire detection systems including smoke detectors, flame detectors, and heat detectors. 2) Smoke detectors use photoelectric or ionization technology to detect smoke. Flame detectors use ultraviolet or infrared technology to detect flames. Heat detectors include fixed temperature and rate-of-rise detectors. 3) An automatic fire detection system is important for reducing property damage, providing quick information about fires, and protecting occupants and materials through 24/7 monitoring.

Uploaded by

Shariq Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM”

Submitted by Submitted To

SHARIQ KHAN MRS. KIRTI VYAS


12300UITBFS1600007 (HOD Department of Fire & Safety Engineering)
B.Tech Fire & Safety Engineering 6th Sem
CONTENTS

1. Fire detection and alarm system


1.1 Overview
1.2 Importance of automatic fire detection system
1.3 Phases of fire
1.4 Classification of detectors
1.5 Smoke detector
1.6 Flame detector
1.7 Heat detector
Overview: Fire alarm system is installed for protection of life and property.

In order for a fire alarm system to be useful, it must be able to perform these
functions:

1) Detect the presence of a fire.

2) Notify the occupants.

3) Notify the fire department.

4) To initiate auto fire control and suppression system and to sound alarm.
Importance of automatic fire detection system:

1) To reduce the risk of property damage.

2) For quick information.

3) 24/7 protection

4) Occupants protection.

5) Material protection.
Phases of fire
1) Incipient Phase: Warming causes the emission of invisible but
detectable gases like- CO2 CO

2) Smoldering Phase: Smoke is formed in this phase.

3) Ignition Phase: Ignition temperature is reached and flames are


present and therefore they emit radiation: mainly in UV or IR region

4) Heat release Phase: heat is released; the temperature of the space


starts to rise rapidly.
Classification of detectors

Smoke detector

Flame detector

Heat detector
Smoke detector

Can initiate an alarm much quicker than a heat detector because it responds to smoke
generated very early in a fire’s development (incipient stage)

2 basic types: a) Photoelectric b) Ionization

a) Photoelectric : Optical or Photoelectric smoke detector Uses a photocell coupled with a


specific light source Basically smoke entering the smoke detector chamber disrupts the
light beam causing an alarm signal to be initiated More sensitive to smoldering fires

2 basic types: a) Light scattering b) light obstruction


a) Light scattering
b) light obstruction
b) Ionization: Ionization smoke detector Invisible products of
combustion enter the chamber decreasing the current between
the –ve & +ve plates, thereby initiating an alarm signal
Generally responds faster to flaming fires versus smoldering
fires Automatically resets when the atmosphere clears
Flame detector
2 basic types of flame detectors:
1) Ultraviolet light (UV): Those that detect light in the ultraviolet wave
spectrum (UV detectors)

UV Flame Detectors A UV flame radiates in the 1850 to 2450


angstrom range. (or 185 to 245 nm) Virtually all fire emit radiation
in this band, while the sun's radiation at this band is absorbed by
the Earth's atmosphere. (remember the ozone layer) UV detector
is solar blind, so won’t have false alarm due to sun. Can be used
indoors or outdoors. UV detectors are sensitive to most fires,
including hydrocarbon, metals, sulfur, hydrogen, hydrazine, and
ammonia. They detect flames at high speed (3-4 milliseconds)
due to the UV high-energy radiation emitted by fires and
explosions at the instant of their ignition.
2) Infrared(IR): Those that detect light in the infrared
wave spectrum (IR detectors)

IR Flame Detectors an infrared (IR) detector basically


is composed of a filter used to screen out unwanted
wavelengths and focus only on IR. Main problem is
false alarm from radiation of the sun. If inside and
shielded from the sun, then works well. Good for
bank vaults. IR detectors are sensitive to most
hydrocarbon fires (liquid, gases and solids). IR
detectors respond in less than 50 msec. IR detectors
are less affected by smoke, oil, and certain gases
and vapors than UV Detectors.
Heat detector
Heat detectors – fixed temp. & rate-of-rise

Fixed-temperature devices
- Oldest types in use
- Relatively inexpensive
- Least prone to false alarms
- Activation temperature slightly above highest ceiling
temperature

Fixed temperature heat detector

Detect heat by one or more of 3 primary principles of physics:


- Expansion of heated material
- Melting of heated material
- Changes in resistance of heated material
Rate of rise heat detector: Operate on the principle that the temperature in a room will
increase faster from fire than from atmospheric temperature
Will initiate an alarm when the rise in temp. exceeds 12-15F (7-8C) per minute
Alarm can be initiated at a temp. far below that required for a fixed-temp. device

- Reliable devices, not subject to false activations


- But if not properly installed, they can be activated under non fire conditions
(example detector located too close to doorway and subject to extreme fluctuations in
temperatures)

Several different types of detectors:


Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector
Rate compensated detector
Thermoelectric detector
Rate-compensated detector: This detector is designed for use in areas that are normally
subject to regular temperature changes that are slower than those under fire conditions.
Presented by: SHARIQ KHAN
B.Tech Fire & Safety Engineering 6th semester

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