Scribd
Upload
34 views

Data & Informationiwan

The document discusses the roles of data, information, and computers in decision making. It explains that while computers can process and store vast amounts of data, only humans can interpret data and turn it into meaningful information. The document also outlines different levels of computer applications in healthcare, from basic communication and storage to more advanced roles in diagnosis, therapy, and research.

Uploaded by

budi2706
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

Data & Informationiwan

The document discusses the roles of data, information, and computers in decision making. It explains that while computers can process and store vast amounts of data, only humans can interpret data and turn it into meaningful information. The document also outlines different levels of computer applications in healthcare, from basic communication and storage to more advanced roles in diagnosis, therapy, and research.

Uploaded by

budi2706
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

DATA &

INFORMATION
Iwan Dewanto
Data

DATA Information Interpretation


Decision Knowledge

Information plays a key role when interpreting


data and making decisions

Technology :
• Calculator
• Computer/PC
• Internet
Data Folder

• Writing : doc.,ppt.
• Table : xls.,Lotus
• Picture : cdr.,jpeg.,pdf.
• Format data : db.
• Computer VS Human Brain
– Data Processing, memory.
– Human with sense, computer with
consistency and accuracy
– Ex. Stetoskop, microscope
DATA & INFORMATION
HUMAN THINKING & COMPUTERS

• human reasoning can now be assisted by


computers.
• If computers are able to assist human
reasoning, it is important to know the strong
points and the limitations of computers in
general and in health care in particular
INFORMATION PROCESSING

• COMPUTERS DO NOT PROCESS INFORMATION


BUT MERELY PROCESS DATA
• ONLY A HUMAN BEING IS ABLE TO INTERPRET
THE DATA SO THAT THEY BECOME
INFORMATION
• COMPUTERS CAN
– EXTEND THE BRAIN’S MEMORY
– INCREASE DATA PROCESSING CAPABILITIES
– IMPROVE THE ACCURACY AND
CONSISTENCY DATA PROCESSING
INFORMATION PROCESSING

• Computer systems can be used for


different types of operations
• Computer systems assist in the
diagnostic-therapeutic cycle, especially in
the observation stage, but also partly in
the diagnostic and therapeutic stages.
• Computer systems are used to provide the
user with the data needed to make
decisions and take actions.
COMPUTER RESPONSABILITY

• Support of Human Thinking


– Technological developments
– Necessity of computers
• Developments in Health Care
– Costs of healthcare
– Evaluation of care
• Parallels
– Computers in health care and in society
NECESSITY OF COMPUTERS

• Both in science and in health care, our


thinking and action are dominated by man-
made rules or laws that have been
discovered and theories that have been
developed in the course of scientific
research.
• A computer may support us in structuring
and ordering the world in which we live,
both in science and in society at large.
Computer applications
Level Society Health Care
1 Use of the Internet Health-care
communication
2 Airline booking Hospital registration

3 Satellite pictures X-ray imaging

4 Process control Patient monitoring

5 Computer-assisted Radiotherapy
design planning
6 Model of traffic flow Model of the blood
circulation
SYSTEMATIZATION
• At first sight the applications of
computers in health care look very
extensive and the field of medical
informatics does not seem to be
structured or orderly
• The systematization that we want to
discuss intends to address all three areas.
– the limitations of computers in health care
– their dependence on human interaction
– new generations of information systems are
developed
LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY
COMMUNICATION & TELEMATIC

• The analysis of samples of blood or urine in


the clinical laboratory, which is fully automated
for the majority of all blood and urine tests
• A local area network
• The transmission of radiological images
• The electronic interchange of patient data
between computer-based patient records in a
region
• World Wide Web
STORAGE & RETRIEVAL

• Hard disk, USB ( universal serial bus controller )


• Hospitals --- more than 1 million patients. The
storage of medical images requires a huge
capacity
• ICD ( nternational Clasification of disease )
• National Library of medicine
PROCESSING &
AUTOMATION
• A more complex use of
computers concerns its
more "intelligent"
applications in areas such as laboratory
automation or processing of biological signals.
• Here also most of the processing can be done
without much human interaction, problems that
can be standardized can be solved, for example,
if they are repetitious.
• Ex.Radiation dosage of rontgent
Radiotherapy
DIAGNOSIS &
DECISION MAKING
• the recognition of visual
images and situations,
which allow people to prepare for subsequent
decision making and plan further actions.
• The ultimate challenge in this area is how to
formalize medical knowledge in such a way
that it can be used for decision support.
Ex. Correct decision develop for abdominal
pain
Intrepretation of ECGs
THERAPY AND CONTROL
• In health care we find on this level only a few
computer applications that have a direct effect on
patient care.
• The injection of a drug or surgery will always
primarily remain a human activity.
• computer algorithms that control the automatic
administration of infusion on the basis of fluids
given or withdrawn, (anticoagulation therapy or for
the administration of insulin )
• the radiation equipment is often automatically
adjusted and calibrated under level 3
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

• This is exactly the object of research in


medical informatics
• The use of virtual-reality models in surgery, for
training (comparable to flight simulators) or to
assist surgeons in so-called minimal invasive
surgery.
• the analysis of data acquired in
epidemiological studies
• computer-based patient records and models
Main References

• Van Bemmel J.H, et al. Handbook of Medical


Informatics. Springer-Verlaag. 1997.

Chapter 1, page 3 - 17
Advance Text Books

• Shortliffe EH, Perreault, L.E., Wiederhold G, Fagan,


L.M., eds. Medical Informatics: Computer Application
in Health Care. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1995
• Hovenga, E., Kidd, M., Cesnik, B. Health informatics
an overview. Churchill Livingstone. 1996
• Coeira, E. Guide to medical informatics,
internet and telemedicine.
The End

You might also like