Scribd
Upload
93 views

Orgmgt

Planning techniques and tools and their applications discusses various planning methods. It describes forecasting as predicting the future using quantitative data or qualitative expert opinions. Contingency planning prepares alternative plans for unexpected events. Scenario planning considers future states and challenges. Benchmarking compares a company's practices to others to identify improvements. Participatory planning includes stakeholders in all planning steps to increase buy-in. Effective planning requires using different techniques like these to navigate dynamic environments.

Uploaded by

Alma Calvelo Musni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views

Orgmgt

Planning techniques and tools and their applications discusses various planning methods. It describes forecasting as predicting the future using quantitative data or qualitative expert opinions. Contingency planning prepares alternative plans for unexpected events. Scenario planning considers future states and challenges. Benchmarking compares a company's practices to others to identify improvements. Participatory planning includes stakeholders in all planning steps to increase buy-in. Effective planning requires using different techniques like these to navigate dynamic environments.

Uploaded by

Alma Calvelo Musni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

PLANNING TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS

AND THEIR APLICATIONS

Effective planning in today’s


dynamic environments, different
techniques and tools must be used,
such as
a. Forecasting Planning
b. Contingency Planning
c. Scenario Planning
d. Benchmarking e. Participatory
planning
Forecasting – is an attempt to predict
what may happen in the future. All
planning types, without exception,
make use of forecasting.
Business periodicals, publish forecasts
such as employment and
unemployment rates, increase or
decrease of interest rates,
Stock market data, GNP/GDP data
and others. Forecasts used may
either be quantitative or qualitative
Quantitative – mathematical
calculations, statistical analyses of
surveys/researches.
Qualitative – opinions of prominent
economists
FORECASTS are predictions and may
be inaccurate at times due to errors
of human judgment.
CONTINGENCY – factors may offer
alternative courses of action when
the unexpected happens or when
things go wrong.
- plans that must be prepared by
managers, ready for implementation
when things do not turn out as they
should be.
- Called “ trigger points” indicate when
the prepared alternative plan should
be implemented
Scenario Planning – is a long term version of
contingency planning which plans for future
affairs
- Future states of affairs must be identified and
alternative plans must be prepared in order to
meet the changes or challenges in the future
Examples of changes or challenges
a. Environmental b. Human rights
pollution violation
c. Climate and d. Earthquake
weather changes damages to
communities
Benchmarking – generally involves external
comparisons of a company’ s practices and
technologies with those of other companies.
Its main purpose is to find out what other
people and organizations do well and then
plan how to incorporate these practices into
the company’s operations. This is external
benchmarking.
Internal benchmarking – when they
encourage all the employees working in their
different units to learn and improve by sharing
one another’s best practices
Participatory Planning - is a planning
process that includes the people who
will be affected by the plans and
those who will be asked to implement
them in all planning steps. Creativity,
increased acceptance and
understanding of plans, and
commitment to the success of plans
are the positive results of this planning
technique.
It is evident from the PDP focused areas
that they cover not only the economic and
industrial goals of the Philippines but also the
social, environmental, and peace and security
aspects. The MDGs and the PDP can help
guide the management of businesses in the
Philippine setting. In particular, the PDP
must be taken into consideration in order to
deem management as appropriate or country-
specific.
Adam Smith was the first “development
economist.” His work, The Wealth of
Nations, was published in 1776. The
scientific study of the processes and
problems of society in Asia, Africa, and
North America has emerged only over the
past 50 years

You might also like