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Sajida Bibi Noonari

Posture refers to the alignment of the body segments and can be categorized as active or inactive. Poor posture is caused by factors like occupational activities, biomechanical stresses, and injuries. Common spinal deformities include hyperlordosis, kyphosis, swayback, scoliosis, flat back, and forward head posture. Physiotherapists evaluate posture through visual inspection, measurements, and photography. Re-education focuses on relaxation, mobility, awareness training, and establishing new, beneficial posture habits.

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Sajida Bibi Noonari
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171 views

Sajida Bibi Noonari

Posture refers to the alignment of the body segments and can be categorized as active or inactive. Poor posture is caused by factors like occupational activities, biomechanical stresses, and injuries. Common spinal deformities include hyperlordosis, kyphosis, swayback, scoliosis, flat back, and forward head posture. Physiotherapists evaluate posture through visual inspection, measurements, and photography. Re-education focuses on relaxation, mobility, awareness training, and establishing new, beneficial posture habits.

Uploaded by

Sajida Bibi Noonari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAJIDA BIBI NOONARI

Posture

 Posture is a term that used to defined as an


alignment of body segments
 The attitude that the body assumes is known as
posture
 It is considered as the relative arrangement of
parts of the body. It changes with the positions
and movements of the body throughout life and
throughout the day.
Posture

Types of Postures

The posture are basically divided in to two types:


 Inactive
 Active
a) Static b) Dynamic

 Inactive postures- These are postures or


attitudes adopted for resting or sleeping.
They require theoretically minimal muscle
activity, and are usually assumed in need of
relaxation.
Active posture - The integrated action of many muscles
is required to maintain active postures, they are
basically divided in two types

Static postures Dynamic postures


 Body segments are  In this type of posture
aligned and maintained body segments are
in a fixed positions. Static moving. Posture adopted
posture is that of the while the body is in action.
body at rest. Examples Examples are walking,
of static postures are running, jumping,
standing, sitting, lying, throwing, and lifting.
and kneeling.
static posture
Dynamic posture
Optimal posture

 Ideal posture is in one


which body segments
are aligned vertically
and LOG passes through
all joints axes.( close to)
 Ideal posture requires
least amount of
muscular support that
minimize the stress on
joints and reduces load
on ligaments and
muscles.
Postural alignment
 An optimal standing posture COG of the body lies
at 55-57% of the height of person above the
ground or approximately the level of 2nd sacral
vertebra.
Line of gravity falls:
Anterior or within the atlanto-occipital joints
Slightly or with in the shoulder joint
Usually falls through the bodies of all vertebrae
Slightly posterior to hip (approximately 1.8 cm)
Anterior to the knee
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
Good Posture

 Posture is good when it fulfils the purpose


for which it is used with the maximum
efficiency and minimum effort.
 A good posture is the state of muscular and
skeletal balance which protects the
supporting structures of the body against
injury and progressive deformities,
irrespective of the attitude in which these
structures are working or resting.
Development of good posture

 Essential mechanisms for the maintenance and adjustments


of good posture are intact (working properly) and healthy
 These factors are following
 A stable psychological background
 Good hygienic conditions
 Opportunity for plenty of natural free movements
Poor Posture / faulty posture

 Poor posture is the posture that results


from certain muscles tightening up or
shortening while others lengthen and
become weak.
 This often occurs as a result of one’s
daily activities.
Poor Posture

 There are different factors which can impact on posture and


they include
 occupational activities
 biomechanical factors such as force and repetition.
 psychosocial factors such as job stress and strain. Workers
who have higher job stress are more likely to develop neck
and shoulder symptoms.
Factors predisposing to poor
posture
 General factors
 Mental attitude of the patient
 Poor hygienic conditions
 Generally after illness
 Prolonged fatigue
Factors that influence Posture…
 Aging- your body gradually loses its capacity to absorb and
transfer forces however its not aging that influences posture as
does:
 Inactivity/sedentary living/reluctance to exercise -leads to loss of
natural movement flow,
 Poor postural habits -eventually becomes your structure,
 Biomechanical compensation → muscle imbalance, adaptive
shortening, muscle weakness & instability within the “core”,
 Body composition – increases load, stresses on spinal structure,
leads to spinal deviation,
 Workspace –ergonomics,
 Poor movement technique/execution/training ,
 Injury -leads to reduced loading capacity or elasticity,
 Others:
*Posture is the single most common cause of painful soft tissue
syndromes affecting the body!
Common Spinal
Deformities
or
characteristics of
postural abnormalities
Hyper lordotic posture

 Excessive anterior curvature of


the spine
 Exaggeration of normal
curves in the cervical &
lumbar spines
 Increase lumbosacral angle(
anterior pelvic tilt) and hip
flexion.
 Compensatory increase to
the thoracic kyphosis
(kypholordosis)
Lordosis CAUSES

› Postural deformity
› Lax muscles (esp. abs)
› Heavy abdomen
› Compensatory mechanisms
› Hip flexion contracture
› Congenital problems
› Fashion (high heels)
Increase Kyphosis
(dowager's hump)
 Excessive posterior curvature
of the spine
 Round back and shoulders
 Humpback/gibbus
 Flat back
 Forward position of head(
cervical lordosis)
 Protraction of the scapulae
 Causes are slouching and
muscles stress
Relaxed /Swayback posture
 Pelvis shifted forward, resulting
in hip extension and increase
thoracic kyphosis and lumber
lordosis
 Increased pelvic inclination (40)
 Typically includes kyphosis
 Causes are fatigue or muscular
weakness
Scoliosis
› Lateral curvature of
spine
Physiological scoliosis
 May be related to leg
length discrepancy
 Lacks normal flexibility
 Asymmetric
movements

Pathological scoliosis
 Serious orthopedic
pathology
Flat upper back

 Decrease thoracic kyphosis


 Depression of scapula and clavicles
 Flat neck position
 Loss of cervical lordosis
 An exaggerated military posture
 Caused by overemphasis on maintaining
 As upright as possible
Forward head

 Increase lower cervical


flexion and upper thoracic
regions
 Increase extension of upper
cervical vertebra
 Caused by occupational
working postures that
require forward leaning
 Computers operators
Flat neck

 Decrease cervical curve or lordosis with increase


flexion of occiput on the atlas
 Also seen in exaggerated military posture.
Abnormal Postures
Causes of postural
problem
 Genetic factors
 Environment factors
 Psychological factors
 Physiological factors
 Idiopathic factors
Examination and
measurements of posture
 Traditionally, posture is measured by bony
anatomical landmarks.
 Rating scales for subjective assessment of any
observed deviations from normal
 Flexirule
 Photography
 inclinometer
Analysis of posture

 Lateral view:
 Front view:
Principles of Re-education

 Measures taken by the physiotherapist to combat poor


posture and train better posture depends on
 The root cause
 Co-operation of the patient
 Bad posture can be caused by:
 Mental attitude
 Poor hygienic conditions
 Postural defects rarely lead to marked structural changes in
the body
Principles of Re-education
 However if they are sustained for a long time it may lead to changes
in the joints, muscles and ligaments as they adapt to the habitual
positions

 Muscles can lead to:


 Adaptive shortening
 Lengthening
 Weakness
Principles of Re-education

 These changes make it very difficult for patient to assume


good posture in the future
 Relaxation and mobility exercises help to train good posture
 A mental awareness of holding good posture and that good
posture will have benefits will enable the patient to change
 Local conditions which result in an alteration in posture can
be removed
 Patient can assume a new habit of posture which is better
and maintain it through voluntary effort

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