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Mathematics in The Modern World

This document discusses the nature of mathematics. It states that mathematics is partly invented through early human representations of quantities, but also partly discovered through theorems like the Pythagorean theorem. The document defines mathematics as a system of knowledge consisting of objects and relations that are studied through logical reasoning. It also provides several examples of patterns commonly observed in nature that reveal mathematical relationships.

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Cadillac Cain
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11K views24 pages

Mathematics in The Modern World

This document discusses the nature of mathematics. It states that mathematics is partly invented through early human representations of quantities, but also partly discovered through theorems like the Pythagorean theorem. The document defines mathematics as a system of knowledge consisting of objects and relations that are studied through logical reasoning. It also provides several examples of patterns commonly observed in nature that reveal mathematical relationships.

Uploaded by

Cadillac Cain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics in the

Modern World

VALIENTE R. GUEVARRA
NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
 IT IS PARTIALY INVENTED.
 MUCH OF IT IS DISCOVERED.
 IT IS A SYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE.
 IT IS A COLLECTION OF OBJECTS AND RELATIONS AMONG
OBJECTS WHOSE CHARACTERISTICS ARE DISCOVERED
THROUGH ACCCEPTED RULES OF REASONING.
Mathematics is Partly Invented
 The beginning of mathematics is a human invention and is
nearly as old as humanity itself.
 It began as a method to represent thoughts about
quantity, form, patterns, and changes.
 The concept of a number, for example, is an early
manifestation of the concept of quantity which gradually
evolved into a primitive number system to distinguish 1
cattle from 2 cattle, 3 deer from 4 deer, 1 crocodile from
10 crocodiles, etc.
Ishango bone
A prehistoric artifact found near
Semliki River in Ishango in the
Democratic Republic of Congo is
a fibula of a baboon.
Notches were curved on the bone
to track the menstrual cycle of
women
The Modern Binary System
Much of Mathematics is Discovered
 The initial impetus for mathematics was invention, but
much followed next were discoveries.
 One of the early mathematical discoveries which had a
huge impact in architecture and in the history of the
development of mathematics itself is the Pythagorean
Theorem

 c 2 = a 2 + b 2
Pythagorean Theorem
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS

Mathematics has no universally


accepted definition (Tobies, 2012).
We shall quote some definitions
proposed by famous
mathematicians.
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS
 Mathematics is the science of quantity.
Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)
 It is the science of indirect measurement.
Augustle Comte (1798 – 1857)
 Mathematics is a science that draws necessary
conclusions. Benjamin Pierce (1809 – 1880)
 All mathematics is symbolic logic.
Bertrand Russel (1872 – 1970)
MATHEMATICS IS A FORM OF LANGUAGE
IT IS ALSO A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE

LANGUAGE – We use it to name and


describe objects or events that reveal
quantity, form, pattern, and change
KNOWLEDGE – A set of concepts and
relations among concepts whose
properties and characteristics are
obtained through logical reasoning.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

HONEYCOMB
Nest built by bees.
It is made from beeswax,
and is composed of cells
in the shape of hexagon,
sometimes pentagon or
heptagon.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

SNOWFLAKE
A feathery snow
crystal which
nucleated from dust
particles suspended in
the atmosphere.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

SNOWFLAKE
 Molecules in ice crystals
join to form hexagonal
structure, which is then
repeated as the crystal
accumulate more crystals
and grow in size.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

TIGER STRIPES
The stripes on the
tiger are, in general,
evenly spaced and
perpendicular to the
spine.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

TIGER STRIPES
The stripes help
with camouflage,
they allow the tiger
to blend with the
environment.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

HYENA’S SPOTS
The spots on Hyenas
are shaped and
distributed in a
pattern that helps
also with camouflage.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

SUNFLOWER
Asunflower displays
many patterns, the
most prominent
among them are
intersecting families
of spirals.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD
SNAIL’S SHELL
The snail’s shell has
the shape of a spiral.
The radius of the
shell increases in
length as the mollusk
grows inside the shell
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD
FLOWER’S PETALS
 The number of petals of a
flower are observed to follow
the following pattern:
 3, 5, 8, 13, . . . Which are
numbers found in Fibonacci
Sequence.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD
WEATHER PATTERNS
 Weather is observed to repeat a pattern for days,
weeks, or months after which a new weather sets
in.
 This sequence of weather patterns produces a
cycle, such as dry monsoon seasons, summer-
autumn-winter-spring seasons, habagat-amihan
wind patterns, etc.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD
HUMAN POPULATIONS
 Demographic distribution of people in human
populations is observed to follow a pattern.
 Poor nations display a pyramid-shaped
demography with the young occupying a
prominently large section of the population.
 But as a nation progresses economically, the base
thins out in favor of the older segments of the
population.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD

HUMAN PRODUCTIVITY
Human productivity in many
organizations is observed to
follow the 80:20 percent rule.
Twenty percent of the members
produce 80% of the
organization’s total output.
FREQUENTLY OBSERVED PATTERNS IN
NATURE & THE WORLD
HUMAN PRODUCTIVITY
Ina complete line up of
15 players in basketball
team, 3 players make 80%
of the team’s total points
in a game.

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