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Euler Lagrange Differental Equation: Topic

This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Euler-Lagrange differential equation from classical mechanics. The presentation was given by Tapash Basak and included: an introduction to the Euler-Lagrange equation and its importance in calculus of variations for finding extremal values of functionals; definitions of key terms; a derivation of the Euler-Lagrange equation showing that it must be satisfied for a functional to have an extreme value; examples of applying the equation; and references used in the presentation.

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Tapash Basak
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40 views

Euler Lagrange Differental Equation: Topic

This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Euler-Lagrange differential equation from classical mechanics. The presentation was given by Tapash Basak and included: an introduction to the Euler-Lagrange equation and its importance in calculus of variations for finding extremal values of functionals; definitions of key terms; a derivation of the Euler-Lagrange equation showing that it must be satisfied for a functional to have an extreme value; examples of applying the equation; and references used in the presentation.

Uploaded by

Tapash Basak
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMINAR OF CLASSICAL

MECHANICS

TOPIC- EULER LAGRANGE DIFFERENTAL


EQUATION

PRESENTED BY-

TAPASH BASAK
ROLL NO. – 27
M.SC 2ND SEMESTER
PAPER- 20300
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEFINATION
3. DERIVATION OF EULER LAGRANGE
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
4. SOME EXAMPLES
5. REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
In the Calculus of variation, the Euler Lagrange Differential
Equation is a second order partial differential equation
whose solution are the functions for which a give
functional is stationary. It was developed by Swiss
Mathematician Leonhard Euler and Italian French
Mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1750s . Because a
differential functional is stationary at its local maxima and
minima , the Euler Lagrange equation is useful for solving
optimization problems in which, given some functional ,
one seek the function minimizing or maximizing it.
DEFINTIONS
1. Calculus of Variation : It is a branch of mathematics
that seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc. for which
a given function has a stationary value( which, in physical
problem is usually a minimum or maximum ).
Mathematically, this involves finding stationary values of
integral of the form
a

I =  f ( y, y, x)dx
b
I has an extremum value only if the Euler Lagrange
Differential Equation is satisfied.
2. Euler Lagrange Differential Equation : The Euler
Lagrange Differential Equation is the fundamental
equation of calculus of variation. It states that if J is
defined by an integral of the form

J   f (t , y, y )dt
dy
Where y  dt , then J has a stationary value if the
Euler Lagrange differential equation
f d f
 ( )0
y dt y
is satisfied.
Derivation Of Euler Lagrange Differential Equation

Let y = y(x) represents a pathain (x,y) space . We consider


the integral denoted by I =  f ( y, y, x)dx . Here I
gives the value of integrationb
along the path y = y(x)
from x = a to x = b.
We want to fix the curve between x = a to x = b by
introducing a parameter α . We may consider y is a
function of x as well as α. So as to include all possible
paths from x = a (say A) to x = b (say B) so that α = 0
coincides with y = y(x).
for this we construct y(x, α) = y(x,0) + αη(x), here η(x)
is a continuous function of x such that
η(a) = η(b) = 0 i.e., η(x) vanishes at end points A and B
a

We now write I = I(α) =  f ( y( x, ), y( x,  ), x)dx .If I possesses


extreme values for some b
α , then we have
dI = 0a
 d[  f ( y( x,  ), y( x,  ), x)dx ] = 0
b

f y f y f x
B

[ A
y 
d 
y 
d 
x 
d ]dx  0

f y f y
B

 [ A
y 
d 
y 
d ]dx  0 since last term within
integral sign gives zero .
f y f  y
B

 A [{y   y  ( x )}d ]dx  0


Now,
 f y d f y f  y
( ) ( )  ( )
x y  dx y  y x 
We can write sequence term within the integral as
f  y  f y d f y
( ) ( ) ( )
y x  x y  dx y 
x b
f y f y d f y
b b
=>  [ ]d dx  d   ( ) ]d dx  0
a
y  y  x a a
dx y 

Since at end points x = a and x = b y do not have any


variations y = 0 so the second term vanishes of the

above expression . So we have,
f y d f y
b b

=>  y 
[ ]d dx   ( ) ]d dx  0
a a
dx y 
f d f y
b

=> a {[ y  dx ( y )]  d }dx  0
For all paths
f d f y
This shows that  ( )] d =0
y dx y 

f d f
=> [ y  dx ( y )] y  0 …………………(a)
f d f
Since  y is arbitrary so y  dx ( y )  0

Which is the required Euler Lagrange differential Equation.


SOME EXAMPLES
1. Show that the shortest curve between two points in a
plane is a straight line .
2. Find the curve for which the surface of revolution is
minimum.
REFERENCE
 Mechanics; Directorate of distance
Education
 Class notes
 Internet ; mathworld.wolfram.com
THANK YOU

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