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Detection and Extinguishing System

1. Aircraft have fire detection and extinguishing systems to protect passengers and crew from fires that could start from component failures. 2. Modern systems do not rely on crew observation alone, instead using detectors like temperature sensors, smoke detectors, and optical sensors. 3. Key areas monitored include engines, auxiliary power units, wheel wells, and cargo compartments. 4. Common extinguishing agents are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and halogenated hydrocarbons which disrupt combustion. Carbon dioxide systems discharge the gas through nozzles surrounding engines.

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41 views

Detection and Extinguishing System

1. Aircraft have fire detection and extinguishing systems to protect passengers and crew from fires that could start from component failures. 2. Modern systems do not rely on crew observation alone, instead using detectors like temperature sensors, smoke detectors, and optical sensors. 3. Key areas monitored include engines, auxiliary power units, wheel wells, and cargo compartments. 4. Common extinguishing agents are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and halogenated hydrocarbons which disrupt combustion. Carbon dioxide systems discharge the gas through nozzles surrounding engines.

Uploaded by

natan ananda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE DETECTION AND

EXTINGUISHING
SYSTEM
Fire on a aircraft is very dangerous So to protect passengers and crew Aircraft have fire
detection and extinguising systems fitted in all areas where a potential Fire risk may
exist following failure of or leakage from any component or associated
Fire protection systems on current-production aircraft do not rely on observation by crew members as a
primary method of fire detection. An ideal fire detector system includes as many of the following features
as possible:
■ 1. No false warnings under any flight or ground condition.
■ 2. Rapid indication of a fire and accurate location of the fire.
■ 3. Accurate indication that a fire is out.
■ 4. Indication that a fire has re-ignited.
■ 5. Continuous indication for duration of a fire.
■ 6. Means for electrically testing the detector system from the aircraft cockpit.
■ 7. Resists damage from exposure to oil, water, vibration, extreme temperatures, or handling.
■ 8. Light in weight and easily adaptable to any mounting position.
■ 9. Circuitry that operates directly from the aircraft power system without inverters.
■ 10. Minimum electrical current requirements when not indicating a fire.
■ 11. Cockpit light that illuminates,indicatingthelocation of the fire, and with an audible alarm
system.
■ 12. A separate detector system for each engine.
The specific areas that require protection
are :
■ The engine
■ The auxiliary power unit
■ The main wheel wells
■ Cargo compartment
The complete aircraft fire protection systems of
most large turbine-engine aircraft incorporate
several of these different detection methods.
■ Rate-of-temperature-rise detectors
■ Radiation sensing detectors
■ Smoke detectors
■ Overheat detectors
■ Carbon monoxide detectors
■ Combustible mixture detectors
■ Optical detectors
■ Observation of crew or passengers
detector system types in gas turbine engine
use are
■ Thermo switch
■ thermocouple
■ pneumatic loop, and
■ electric resistance systems.
Thermo switch
An electrical switch that closes a circuit when it is exposed to a specified high
temperature
Thermocouple
A drive made of two dissimilar metal wires whose ends are welded together to form a loop. A
voltage exists in the loop proportional to the junction at which the wires are joined.
pneumatic loop, and
Peneumatic fire detection system also use a continuous loop for the detector, but this loop is made of a
sealed stainless steel tube that contains an element which absorbs gas when cold, but releases it when
heated.
electric resistance systems.
Thermistor, a semiconductor material whose
electrical resistance varies whits its temperature.
Fire extinguishing.
Fire extinguishing agents

Carbon dioxide (co2)


Liquid nitrogen(N2)
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide(co2)

■ Co2 is heavier than air. When spraye on fire, it remains on the surface and exclude
oxygen from the combustion process
■ It is inexpensive, nontoxic, safe to handle
Liquid nitrogen (N2)

■ N2 is more effective than co2, but because it is cryogenic liquid, it must kept in
dewar bottle
■ Dewar bottle is a special container used to store liquid oxygen and liquid nitrigen
Halogenated hydrocarbons

■ These agents are hydrocarbon compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms
have been replaced with atoms of one of the hologen elements such as flourine,
chlorine, or bromine.

■ If one of the halogen compounds is mixed with the oxygen, this orderly combination
is interrupted or stopped and the fire is extinguished
Fire extinguishing system

There are two types:


- Carbon dioxide extinguishing sytem
- HRD (high rate discharge) extinguishing system
HRD (high rate discharge) extinguishing
system
A fire extinguisher that carries the extinguishing agent in a
sealed sphere or cylinder. The agent is released when an
ignited powder charge drives a cutter though a frangible disk.
The container is empited in much less than a second
Carbon dioxide extingushing system

CO2 is carried in steel bottles and often pressurized with compressed nitrogen to aid its
expilsion under low temperature conditions. The bottles have a remotely operated valve
and are connected to a handle that allows the pilot to select the engine into which the
CO2 will discharge. When it is determined an engine fire actually exists, the pilot selects
the affected engine and then pulls the T-shaped handle, or toggle. The bottle discharges
CO2 into the engine through a perforated alumunium tube that sorrounds the power
section. Some larger systems have two bottles, and the pilot can release the second
one if necessary.
■ Both of them have two indicator disks, one red and one yellow
■ Red disk : indicating overheat
■ Yellow disk :has been discharge
Engine fire extinguishing operation
Considering an aircraft dual-turbine, generally there are two fire extinguisher
bottles to support both engines. When the pilots are informed by the fire
detection system that there is an engine fire, the pilot operates the fire
extinguisher handle, which closes all sources such as electrical power,
pneumatic and fuel, and further the pilot shoots the first bottle and waits to see if
the fire has been extinguished. If the engine fire continues, then the pilot shoots
the second bottle. In the meantime, the co-pilot has declared an emergency and
prepares to land the aircraft.
Terima kasih.

TERIMAKASIH.

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