Scribd
Upload
64 views62 pages

Acids & Bases: by Abegail C. Cabalar

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 0-7. Bases are defined as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 7-14. The document outlines several properties of acids and bases, provides examples of important strong and weak acids and bases, and discusses pH indicators and how pH is measured. It emphasizes the importance of understanding acids and bases for applications like pool water pH and environmental health.

Uploaded by

Xylinne Lejeinne Louisse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views62 pages

Acids & Bases: by Abegail C. Cabalar

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 0-7. Bases are defined as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 7-14. The document outlines several properties of acids and bases, provides examples of important strong and weak acids and bases, and discusses pH indicators and how pH is measured. It emphasizes the importance of understanding acids and bases for applications like pool water pH and environmental health.

Uploaded by

Xylinne Lejeinne Louisse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 62

Acids &

Bases
By ABEGAIL C. CABALAR
Our Goals for today
• To determine the difference
between Acids & Bases

• Discuss the importance of


studying Acids & Bases

• Perform an experiment dealing


with Acids & Bases
What is the pH scale?
• The pH scale
measures
how acidic
or basic a
solution is.
The pH scale

• The pH scale is the


concentration of
hydrogen ions in a
given substance.
• The word “ACIDS” comes
from either of theses Latin
words: ACIDUS meaning
“SOUR” or acetum
meaning “VINEGAR”
Identifying Acids and Bases
• Acids have a ph from 0-7
• Lower pH value indicates a stronger
acid.

• Bases have a pH from 7-14


• Higher pH value indicates a stronger
base.
OH 

Definitions of Acids and Bases


• An acid is a substance that breaks into
H  solution.

ions in an aqueous

• A Base (alkaline) is a substance that


breaks into ions in an aqueous
solution. OH  
• Note: aqueous solution is any solution
where is the solvent.
H 2O
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
• 1. Acids taste SOUR.
• example: vinegar, lemons, citrus
fruits, lactic acid
• 2. Acids react with the certain metals
such as Magnesium, zinc and tin.
• 3. When they are in aquaous solution
ACIDS, turns blue litmus paper to
red.
PROPERTIES OF ACID

4.Acids react with


limestone (CaCO3),
liberating CO2
5. Acids react with
bases to forms salts
and water.
PROPERTIES OF BASES
1. Bases taste BITTER.
Example: cleaning products
for drains, ovens and floors
2.Bases feels slippery and
soapy
3.Bases react with grease
and oils
PROPERTIES OF BASES

• 4. When they are in


aqueous solutions , bases
turn red litmus paper to
b;ue.
• 5.Bases react with acids to
form water and salts.
pH Scale

• pH or Potential Hydrogen
is an intensive property
of matter that indicates
how acidic or how basic
it is.
• The pH ranges 1-14.
• Acids and bases maybe
classified as strong or
weak.
• The lower the pH , the
more acidic the solution ,
the higher the pH the more
basic it is.
SOME IMPORTANT ACIDS
AND BASES
STRONG ACIDS
• HYDROCHLORIC ACID
dilute acid prt in the human stomach
helps in the digestion of food.
SULFURIC ACID
used in the refining of metals and
petroleum and in “picking” of steel to
retard corrosion
SOME IMPORTANT ACIDS
AND BASES
• WEAK ACIDS
• ACETIC ACID
used in production vinegar
CARBONIC ACID
used as an ingredient in
soft drinks
SOME IMPORTANT
ACIDS AND BASES
• STRONG BASES
• SODIUM HYDROXIDE
used to manufacture chemicals,
paper, soap and drain cleaners
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
used in industry and in some
oven cleaners
SOME IMPORTANT ACIDS
AND BASES
• WEAK BASES
• MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
the suspension of solid Mg (OH)2 in
water is called MILK OF MAGNESIA
, an antacid
AQUEOUS AMMONIA
used in household cleaners
Did we Miss something??
• What happens when the pH of a
substance is 7?

• Ans: A pH level of 7 indicates a Neutral


Substance i.e: Water!
Test Your Knowledge
• What is the range of an ACID on
the pH scale?
Ans: 0-7

• What is the range of a BASE and


what is another name for a BASE?
Ans: 7-14, Alkaline
Why Learn about Acids & Bases?

• The pH of a swimming pool


must be checked periodically.
Why?

• Is it important for Lakes &


Rivers to maintain a certain pH?
• There are many indicators
that comes from plant
sources. Each indicator dye
has one color in an acidic
mixture and in different color
in basic mixture.
• A common indicator is
LITMUS .
• LITMUS - a dye taken
from lichens
(organisms that are
composed of fungi and
algae). Litmus paper
maybe blue.
SOME ACID
BASE
INDICATORS
INDICATOR pH RANGE COLOR IN COLOR IN
ACID RANGE BASIC
RANGE
PHENOLPH- 10.2- 12.2 YELLOW RED
THALEIN
BROMOTHY- 8.3 - 10 COLORLESS REDDISH
MOL BLUE PINK
LITMUS 4.7 - 8.2 RED BLUE
METHYL RED 4.2 - 6.2 RED YELLOW
METHYL 3.2 - 4.4 RED YELLOW
ORANGE
THYMOL BLUE 1.2 - 2.8 PINK YELLOW
METHYL 0-2 YELLOW VIOLET
VIOLET
Commercially available pH
papers contain chemical
indicators. The indicator of
the paper takes on different
colors when moistened with
solutions of different pH
values.
The pH solution can be
estimated by placing a drop
on the test paper and
comparing the color of the
test paper with the chart
calibrated at different pH
values.
ELECTRONIC pH
meters are used
to make rapid and
precise pH
determminations.
NATURAL ACID BASE
INDICATOR
NATURAL ACID BASE
INDICATOR
 SUGAR BEET
RED APPLE SKIN
RIND OF MANGOSTEEN
TUMERIC POWDER
BLACKBERRIES
BLUEBERRY
RADISH SKIN
TURNIP SKIN
PLUM SKIN

You might also like