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CO2 Cap Store 2

The document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology as a solution to climate change given rising global temperatures and carbon dioxide emissions. It provides an overview of CCS, including the capture of CO2 from power plants and industrial facilities, transportation of CO2 via pipelines, and sequestration of CO2 in geological formations underground or in the ocean. The document also addresses some of the technical challenges of CCS and potential solutions.

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94 views24 pages

CO2 Cap Store 2

The document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology as a solution to climate change given rising global temperatures and carbon dioxide emissions. It provides an overview of CCS, including the capture of CO2 from power plants and industrial facilities, transportation of CO2 via pipelines, and sequestration of CO2 in geological formations underground or in the ocean. The document also addresses some of the technical challenges of CCS and potential solutions.

Uploaded by

0307ali
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Alexander Voice

24 November 2008
 Motivation for the development of CCS
technology
 Climate change
 Energy profile and outlook
 Public perception of CCS
 CCS technological overview
 CCS challenges and solutions
Muir Glacier, August, 1941
Muir Glacier, August, 2004
Source: Petit et. al. , Nature, 2000
Average global
temperatures have 6°
risen .75°C in the 5° 2°
past 100 years.
How much will the
rise in the next 100
years? 4°
3°
Source: IPCC Report on
Climate Change, 2007
Source: Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, 2006
 CO2 concentration highest in last 650,000 years
 Warming of the climate system is unequivocal,
most of the global warming of the past half-
century is due to increases in greenhouse gases
 Global GHG emissions reduction challenge
 Stabilize CO2(e) concentrations at 450ppm (2.0 –
2.4°C temperature rise)
 Peak CO2 concentration before 2015
 Reduce 2050 emissions to 50-85% of 2000 emissions
 Reduce annual global emissions to 5Gt long term
MIT Carbon Sequestration
Initiative, Survey, 2006
Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions
from Electricity in 2007
Total = 10,539Mt Other
Fuel oil 1% H2
NG 9%
Global CO2 PS Emissions 2007
14%
Total = 13,375Mt
Petro.
Steel
Cement Chem.
5%
7% 3% Coal
Refineries
6% 76% (60% of total)
NG Sweet
Power
79%
210
Oil
180
150
Quad. BTU

Coal NG
120
90
Nuclear
60
30 Renewables
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Year
Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook, 2006
Source: IPCC Special Report on Carbon Capture and Sequestration
 Capture
 Power plants
 NG treatment


800GW Coal / 1600GW NG
 Oil refineries
Transportation
 Pipelines
 Ships 1Gt CO2 / 1BSCFD
 Sequestration
 Geological formations (underground)
 Ocean
 What is the scale of this project?
 Systems
 Post-combustion
 Pre-combustion
 Oxy-fuel
 Industrial processes (e.g. NG sweetening)

 Separation technologies
 Solvents – aqueous amines and salts
 Membranes – polymeric
 Solid sorbents – Lime, zeolite, activated carbon
 Cryogenic processes – Liquefaction/distillation
Clean gas CO2

Flue gas

ABS H STRP
X

Recirculating
(amine) solvent

Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/
Clean gas CO2
Flue gas

ABS STRP
40°C HX 120°C

ENERGY

Recirculating
(amine) solvent
 CO2 + OH-C2H4-NH2 + B 
OH-C2H4-NH-CO2 + BH + Heat
 Absorption of CO2 by MEA at 40°C
 MEA recovery by desorption at 120°C
 Reboiler provides heat to desorber in the
form of steam from the boiler, reducing plant
output and efficiency
 Optimize loading, operating temperature,
minimize solvent losses
 Formation of heat stable salts 
precipitation to produce fertilizer
 Corrosion of equipment by amine solvent 
addition of Cu2+ or Va4+ to solution
 Degradation of solvent  addition of EDTA
or other inhibitor to solution
 Energy use  solvent storage / cycling; use of
salts, high pressure processes, new solvents
Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/
Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/
 2500km of pipeline / 50Mtyr-1 in western US
TODAY
 Use of existing infrastructure – require dry,
sweet gas to prevent corrosion
 Challenges are manageable, similar to
transport of hydrocarbons
 Big picture – Storage in oil reservoirs
(depleted and EOR), natural formations,
ocean storage
 Will it leak? Not likely – models suggest 99%
containment
 Existing reservoir data can be used to
estimate storage potential and address
(water) concerns
 No groundwater contamination (salt?)

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