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Modified Radar Equation

This document discusses various radar tracking techniques. It covers the modified radar equation, integration of radar pulses, radar cross section, and effects of transmission losses and propagation. It then describes different types of tracking radars like search, tracking, single target, and automatic detection and tracking radars. Specific tracking techniques are explained, including sequential lobing, conical scan, monopulse tracking using amplitude and phase comparison. Combined tracking using both amplitude and phase comparison is also mentioned. Low angle tracking near the earth's surface is briefly discussed.

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sneha
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139 views

Modified Radar Equation

This document discusses various radar tracking techniques. It covers the modified radar equation, integration of radar pulses, radar cross section, and effects of transmission losses and propagation. It then describes different types of tracking radars like search, tracking, single target, and automatic detection and tracking radars. Specific tracking techniques are explained, including sequential lobing, conical scan, monopulse tracking using amplitude and phase comparison. Combined tracking using both amplitude and phase comparison is also mentioned. Low angle tracking near the earth's surface is briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

sneha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modified radar equation

• Smin
• σ
• Threshold detection
• Modified equation using noise figure and
noise bandwidth
• Integration of radar pulses
• Radar cross section of targets
• Transmitter Power
System losses
• Plumbing losses
• Beamshape losses
• Limiting loss
• Propagation effects
attenuation
ducting
TYPES OF RADARS
• Search Radars- used for searching and
detecting Radars
• Operated in acquisition mode
• Tracking Radars- Used for detecting and
Tracking Radars
• Operated in both search and tracking modes
TRACKING
• Finding the target information and locating it
is known as tracking
• AIM of tracking Radar
Measuring the co-ordinates of the target
and determining the path of the target
Types of Tracking Radars
• Single Target Tracking

• Automatic Detection And Tracking Radar

• Track While Scan Radar

• Phase Array Tracking Radar


Range Tracking
Angle Tracking
• Trackers using a single time-shared beam to
track angles:
– Sequential lobing
– Conical Scan
• Simultaneous beams:
– Monopulse trackers
Sequential Lobing Radar
Sequential Lobing Radar
Conical Scan
Simplified conical scan radar system
Mag-error
Sign-direction of error

DC o/p
Error signal produced when the target is on &
away from the tracking axis for conical scan.
Disadvantages of conical scan
Monopulse Radar
• 2 monopulse methods:
– Amplitude-Comparison
– Phase-comparison
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
Difference Channel
Combined tracking (Amp&phase)
• P C & A C principles can be combined in a single radar to
produce 2-D angle tracking with only 2-Ant’s, rather than 4-
Ant’s.

• Angle Inf. in one plane(Az) is obtained by 2-Ants placed side-


by-side as in a phase-comparison monopulse.

• One of the beam is tilted upward, other is tilted down ward, to


achive the squint needed for Amp-comparison sysyem
Low angle tracking
Radar tracks at low elevation angle, near earth surface, can
receive two echo signals.

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