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Satellite Access

This document discusses different methods of satellite access and multiple access schemes. It describes single access where a single transmission loads a transponder and multiple access where multiple carriers from different earth stations can access the same transponder simultaneously. The multiple access schemes discussed are FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), and CDMA (code division multiple access). It also describes pre-assigned and demand-assigned multiple access methods.

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43 views

Satellite Access

This document discusses different methods of satellite access and multiple access schemes. It describes single access where a single transmission loads a transponder and multiple access where multiple carriers from different earth stations can access the same transponder simultaneously. The multiple access schemes discussed are FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), and CDMA (code division multiple access). It also describes pre-assigned and demand-assigned multiple access methods.

Uploaded by

Ms. Aarthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT _IV

Satellite Access
Single Access

 A transponder channel aboard a satellite may


be fully loaded by a single transmission from
an earth station. This is referred to as a
single access mode of operation.
Multiple Access
 A transponder can also be loaded by a
number of carriers. These may originate from
a number of earth stations geographically
separate, and each earth station may transmit
one or more of the carriers. This mode of
operation is termed multiple access.
Multiple Access Schemes

• FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)


• TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
Multiple access also may be classified by the way
in which circuits are assigned to users

 pre-assigned multiple access


 demand-assigned multiple access
Pre-assigned multiple access

 In this method, circuits are allocated on a


fixed or partially fixed basis to certain users.
 These circuits are therefore not available for

general use.
 Preassignment is simple to implement but is

efficient only for circuits with continuous


heavy traffic.
Demand-assigned multiple access

In this method, all circuits are available to all


users and are assigned according to the
demand. DAMA results in more efficient
over-all use of the circuits but is more costly
and complicated to implement
Preassigned FDMA
 Frequency slots may be preassigned to
analog and digital signals.
 The signals are frequency-division
multiplexed, frequency modulated (FM), with
FDMA to the satellite.
 Ex: Intelsat SCPC system
Three earth stations transmitting and receiving simultaneously
through the same satellite transponder, using pre-assignment FDMA.
Transponder channel assignments for the above
three earth stations
Channeling arrangement for Intelsat SCPC system.
Demand-Assigned FDMA
 In the demand-assigned mode of operation,
the transponder frequency bandwidth is
subdivided into a number of channels.
 As in the preassigned access mode, carriers

may be frequency modulated with analog


information signals
 Ex: Intelsat SPADE system
Channeling scheme for the Spade
system
TDMA
  With TDMA, only one carrier uses the
transponder at any one time.
 the signal information is transmitted in

bursts, TDMA is only suited to digital signals.


 Digital data can be assembled into burst

format for transmission and reassembled


from the received bursts through the use of
digital buffer memories
Time-division multiple access (TDMA) using a
reference station for burst synchronization
Frame and burst formats for a TDMA system. 
Preassigned TDMA

 An example of a preassigned TDMA network


is the CSC for the Spade network
Frame and bit formats for the common signaling
channel (CSC) used with the Spade system.
Demand-assigned TDMA

 A number of methods are available for providing


traffic flexibility with TDMA.
 The burst length assigned to a station may be
varied as the traffic demand varies.
 A central control station may be employed by
the network to control the assignment of burst
lengths to each participating station.
 Alternatively, each station may determine its
own burst-length requirements and assign these
in accordance with a prearranged network
discipline.
CDMA
 With CDMA the individual carriers may be
present simultaneously within the same rf
bandwidth, but each carrier carries a unique
code waveform (in addition to the information
signal) that allows it to be separated from all
the others at the receiver.

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