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Chemistry Periodic Table PPT 1

John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleev noticed periodic patterns in the properties of elements when they were arranged in order of atomic mass. Mendeleev created the first periodic table in 1869, which grouped elements into columns based on similar properties. Later, Henry Moseley discovered that elements should be arranged by atomic number instead of atomic mass. The modern periodic table is organized into blocks and groups based on the electron configurations of elements.

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Hazel Valenzuela
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189 views17 pages

Chemistry Periodic Table PPT 1

John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleev noticed periodic patterns in the properties of elements when they were arranged in order of atomic mass. Mendeleev created the first periodic table in 1869, which grouped elements into columns based on similar properties. Later, Henry Moseley discovered that elements should be arranged by atomic number instead of atomic mass. The modern periodic table is organized into blocks and groups based on the electron configurations of elements.

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Hazel Valenzuela
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Periodic Table

Patterns in Element Properties

 Some elements exhibit similar chemical and


physical properties. For example, lithium (Li),
sodium (Na), and Potassium (K) can all
combine in a 1:1 ratio easily with Chlorine.
Elements With Similar Properties

 The elements chlorine, bromine, and iodine


look very different from each other. But each
forms a similar-looking while solid when it
reacts with sodium.
John Newlands Noticed a Periodic
Pattern
 In 1865, an English chemist, John Newlands,
arranged the known elements according to their
properties and in order of increasing atomic mass.
 He noticed that all of the elements in a given row
had similar properties, and they repeated every 8
elements (he called this the law of octaves).
Newlands’ Table

 In Newland’s time, determining atomic


weights was based on comparing other elements
to the lightest element
(hydrogen). Some of the elements were
given inaccurate values. .
 Newland was ridiculed by other chemists who felt
the table he created was not reliable. He could not
get his papers published and returned as chief
chemist in a sugar factory and later opened a
chemical business with his brother.
Dmitri Mendeleev Invented the First
Periodic Table
 In 1869, a Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev
produced the first orderly arrangement
(periodic table) of all 63 elements known at
the time.
Mendeleev—the Father of
the Periodic Table
 Mendeleev (1834-1907) rose from very poor
beginnings to a position of a renowned Russian
chemist in the 19th century. He wrote down
information on each element on cards. He
ranked the elements from lightest to heaviest.
 Mendeleev also put the elements into a table
according to their properties. He started a new
row each time he noticed that the chemical
properties of the elements repeated.
Mendeleev Correctly Predicted the
Gaps
 Mendeleev’s Table contains gaps that
elements with particular properties should
fill.
 He correctly predicted the
properties of the missing
elements. He even gave them
provisional names. These
elements were eventually
discovered.
Henry Moseley

 A young English chemist, Henry Moseley,


discovered that the elements should be organized
according to their atomic numbers, not their
atomic weights as was done before.
 When Moseley studied the lines in
the X-ray spectra of 38 different
elements, he found that the
wavelength of the lines decreased
in a regular manner as atomic
number increased.
Henry Moseley

 Henry Moseley lost his life in 1915


during World War I at the Gallipoli
battle in Turkey at the age of 27 and
is buried there. His death has been called
one of the greatest
tragedies of WWI
because he was such
a brilliant chemist.
The Periodic Law

 The Periodic Law


states that when the
elements are arranged
according to their
atomic numbers,
elements
with similar properties
appear at regular
intervals.
Organization of the Periodic Table

 Elements in each column of the table have


the same number of electrons in their outer
energy level.
 These electrons are called valence electrons.
Valence Electrons

 The outer energy level electrons in an atom


are the ones that participate in chemical
reactions with other atoms.
 Elements with the same number of valence
electrons react in similar ways.
Groups

 A vertical column on the periodic table is


called a group. (These are also called
families.) These exhibit similar properties.
Relationship between Groups and
Electron Configuration:
 The group an element belongs to is determined by
the last notation in its’ electron configuration.
 For example, all elements that end in s1 have the
same properties and are in the same group.
Periods

 A horizontal row on the periodic table is


called a period. Elements in the same period
have the same number of occupied energy
levels.
Blocks of Elements

 The Periodic Table is organized into blocks—


each corresponding to the sublevels. (S, P, D,
and F)

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