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Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid

1. A food chain shows how energy moves between organisms in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next. Producers like plants harness energy from the sun and are eaten by primary consumers like herbivores. Carnivores that eat herbivores are secondary consumers. 2. A food web depicts the many interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and shows the feeding relationships between organisms. It includes producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers that recycle nutrients. 3. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels. The pyramid of energy shows that energy decreases at each level as some is lost through waste. The pyramid of biomass and

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60 views28 pages

Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid

1. A food chain shows how energy moves between organisms in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next. Producers like plants harness energy from the sun and are eaten by primary consumers like herbivores. Carnivores that eat herbivores are secondary consumers. 2. A food web depicts the many interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and shows the feeding relationships between organisms. It includes producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers that recycle nutrients. 3. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels. The pyramid of energy shows that energy decreases at each level as some is lost through waste. The pyramid of biomass and

Uploaded by

Joshua G Nacario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOOD CHAIN, FOOD WEB AND

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
FOOD CHAIN

Is a diagram that shows


how food energy moves
from one organism to
another in a given
environment. Food energy
moves along the food
chain when one organism
eats another.
The food chain consists
of four main parts:

1. SUN –
Which provides the energy
for everything on the planet.
2. Producers (autotrophs) –
These include all green plants.
These are also known as
autotrophs, since they make
their own food. They are
called primary producers.

Autotrophs - Able to make its own food


3. Consumers (heterotrophs) –
Are species that cannot
manufacture their own food
and need to consume other
organisms.

Heterotrophs- Cannot produce its own


food
TYPES OF CONSUMERS:
1. Herbivores - animals that eat plants
2. Carnivores - animals that eat other animals
3. Omnivores - animals that eat both plant and
other animals
4. Scavengers - animals that eat dead animal
carcasses
5. Parasites - animals that live off of other
organisms by harming it
3. Decomposers (detritivores) –

These are mainly bacteria and fungi that


convert dead matter into gases such as
carbon and nitrogen to be released back into
the air, soil, or water. Fungi, and other
organisms that break down dead organic
matter are known as saprophytes.
Decomposers are necessary since they
recycle the nutrients to be used again by
producers.
Each level of a food chain
represents a different trophic
level :
WHAT IS TROPHIC LEVEL?
 Thetrophic level of an organism is the
number of steps it is from the start of the
chain.
 Trophiclevels can be represented by
numbers, starting at level 1 with plants.
Further trophic levels are numbered
subsequently according to how far the
organism is along the food chain.
 Level 1: Plants and algae make their
own food and are called producers.
 Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are
called primary consumers.
 Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores
are called secondary consumers.
 Level 4: Carnivores that eat other
carnivores are called tertiary
consumers.
Two types of Food Chain:

1. Grazing food chain –


The grazing food chain starts from green plants passes on to herbivorous
primary consumers and ends with carnivorous animals.
2. Detritous food chain –

Detritous or decomposing food chain begins


with dead organic matter goes to micro
organisms and then passes on to organisms
that feed on detrivores (organisms that – eat
detritus) and their predators. Ecosystems of
this type are less dependent on direct solar
energy. On the other hand they depend on
the supply of organic matter produced by
another ecosystem.
FOOD WEB
A food web is a graphical model
depicting the many food chains linked
together to show the feeding
relationships of organisms in
an ecosystem. It differs from a food
chain in a way that the latter is a linear
system showing a succession
of organisms whereby each species is
eaten in turn by another species.
TAXONOMY OF FOOD WEB:
3 types of food web:
1. CONNECTEDNESS WEB - showing the
relationships between what organisms consume other organisms.
2. ENERGY FLOW WEB -

Which appears to have similar connections to the


connectedness web, but instead of simply showing
consumption patterns, this type of web takes into
consideration the trophic levels' and organisms'
relative use of energy and, thus, the overall
transferred energy flows that occur as a result of
various degrees of predation in the food web. It can
show, for instance, how an animal eating a lower
trophic level organism with regularity can get
significantly more energy (revealed by a thicker
arrow) than it would when it occasionally eats a
higher trophic level predator.
3. FUNCTIONAL WEB:

Which boils down the complicated


interactions within the community's food
web into showing those interactions with
the most influence on determining
population levels and possible growth or
decline of other organisms in the
community. The idea of the functional
food web connects into the idea of trophic
cascades based on dominant predators.
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
.
PYRAMID OF ENERGY
When organisms eat other organisms,
energy is transferred. An energy pyramid
can be used to diagram this flow of
metabolic energy. This is where an energy
pyramid (sometimes called a trophic
pyramid or ecological pyramid) is useful in
quantifying the energy transfer from one
organism to another along the food chain.
Energy decreases as you move through the
trophic levels from the bottom to the top
of the pyramid.
PYRAMID OF BIOMASS:

A biomass pyramid shows the flow of


energy between various levels.
Producers and consumers make up the
biomass pyramid, which displays all their
comparative masses at the same time. To
create the biomass pyramid, the
approximate masses are stacked up
according to a well-established
hierarchy.
PYRAMID OF NUMBERS:

A graphical representation in the form of


a pyramid showing the feeding relationship and the
number of organisms at each trophic level.
The pyramidal shape indicates that the number
of organisms or species is largest at the bottom, and
is narrowing towards the apex. The Pyramid of
Numbers can be used to determine how
the population of a particular species can affect
another. It can also serve as a basis for the
quantitative analysis of an ecosystem.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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