DIFFERENT

TYPES OF
SOURCES
BY: FRANCHESCA NICOLE LUGO
 Different types of sources play
distinct but complementary roles in
the research process. When you are
just starting, it is important to search
for background information so you
learn key facts people, dates, and
any specialized vocabulary
associated with your topic.
WHAT IS A
SOURCE?
Information is a processed data. An information source is where you got your
information from; this can be a book or website. Information sources are the various
means by which information is recorded for use by an individual or an organization. It is
the means by which a person is informed about something or knowledge is availed to
someone, a group of people, or an organization. Information sources can be
observations, people, speeches, documents, pictures, organization.
 Sources are considered primary,
secondary, or tertiary depending on
the originality of the information presented and
their proximity or how close they are to the
source of information. This distinction can differ
between subjects and disciplines. In the
sciences, research findings
may be communicated informally between
researchers through email, presented at
conferences (primary source), and then, possibly,
published as a journal article or technical report
(primary source).
 Once published, the
information may be commented
on by other researchers
(secondary sources), and/or
professionally indexed in a
database (secondary sources).
Later the information may be
summarized into an
encyclopedic or reference book
format (tertiary sources).
 SOURCES ARE CONSIDERED
depending on
the originality of
the information
presented and
their proximity
or how close
they are to the
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY source of
information
U STILL GOOD?
PRIMARY SOURCES
 Primary sources are original
materials/information on which
other research is based. It
includes journal articles of original
research, conference papers,
dissertations, technical reports,
and patents. Primary sources are
also sets of data, such as health
statistics, which have been
tabulated, but not interpreted.
 EXAMPLES ARE:

PHOTOGRAPHS ARTIFACTS DIARIES VIDEO

RECORDINGS
 EXAMPLES ARE:

DATA OR ART WORKS ORIGINAL INTERVIEWS

FINDINGS DOCUMENTS
Philippine Pharmacopeia

Philippine Drug National

Formulary
 PHILIPPINE
Official Book of Standards
and Reference for
PHARMA-
Pharmaceutical Products
and Crude Plant Drugs in
COPEIA
the Philippines
 Philippine National Drug
Formulary (PNDF) is an
integral component of the
Philippine National Drug
PNDF
Policy, aimed at making
available and accessible,
essential medicines of
proven efficacy, safety and
quality at affordable cost.
SECONDARY
SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES

Secondary sources are defined as an

information source that does not have as a
major component the description of formal
observations or experiments but rather is
synthesized from some combination of primary
sources, experience, or authoritative belief
(dogma).
EXAMPLES ARE:
01 Review Journals 04 Article Indexes or
Databases

02 Article Reviews 05 Textbooks

03 Data Compilations

19
 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

Advanced Pharmacy Practice

Applied Bio Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacology

Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics

20
 Psycho Pharmacology

Pharmaceuticals Operations Management

Pharmaceutics Word Book

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology

Pharmacy Management
Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms and Delivery Systems
 BASIC AND CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY

This book is designed to

provide a complete,
authoritative, current and
readable pharmacology text for
medical, pharmacy, and other
health science.
24
 ADVANCED PHARMACY
PRACTICE

Explores non-traditional
pharmacy practice. It includes
ion how a pharmacist must
develop their skills in delivering
service to the patients but at the
same time accepts responsibility
in their workplace. 25
 Provides a basic and practical
understanding of the principle of
bio pharmaceutics and
pharmacokinetics that can be
applied to drug product
development and therapy

APPLIED BIO
PHARMACEUTICS AND
PHARMACOKINETICS
Your Footer Here 26
 Emphasizes the mechanisms by
which drug acts and relates these
to pharmacological effects and
clinical uses. It sets out route from
a molecular understanding of
receptors and drug actions, to the
uses of groups of drugs.

PHARMACOLOGY
MANUAL OF
PHARMACOLOGY AND
THERAPEUTICS

It includes details of clinical

use and basic research that
supports therapeutic
applications and points
toward new therapeutics
28
PSYCHO
PHARMACOLOGY

Presents its subject matter in the

context of the behavioral disorders they
are designed to treat rather than
traditional drug classification.
Contributed to the treatment of severe
psychological disorders as well as
understanding human behaviors.
29
 PHARMACEUTICALS
OPERATIONS MANAGMENT

It is a book filled with general

manufacturing processes. It
offers diagrams, illustrations,
and nine case studies to deliver
a clear message.
30
Written for medical professionals. Contains the
latest new drugs, new indications, brand
names, generic drugs with dosages, reasons
for administration, investigational drug names
and codes, chemotherapy protocols,
trademarked dosage and classes, and
medicinal herbs and natural remedies.

PHARMACEUTICS
WORD BOOK
Your Footer Here 31
 New features in this third edition
focus on incorporating basic
nursing skills, safety, and clinical
rationale into understanding the
pharmacology material.

FOCUS ON NURSING
PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACY
MANAGEMENT

Combines evidence-based management

theories with practical solutions for the issues
pharmacists face every day. It addresses the
evolving role of pharmacist it today’s every
changing environment. Covering the facilities
performed by pharmacists from managing
money to managing personal stress, this
complete guide explains vital pharmacy
management topics across all practice setting.
33
Introduce pharmacy students to
the principles of drug delivery
system.

ANSEL’S PHARMACEUTICAL
DOSAFE FORMS AND
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Your Footer Here 34
TERTIARY SOURCES
 TERTIARY SOURCES
Tertiary sources consist of primary
and secondary source information which
has been collected and distilled. They
present summaries of or an introduction
to the current state of research on a topic,
summarize or condense information from
primary and secondary sources, or
provide a list of primary and secondary
sources of more extensive information.

8/11/2019 37
 EXAMPLES ARE:
01
FACT BOOKS
02
TEXT BOOKS
03
INDEXES
04
ABSTRACTS

8/11/2019 38
 EXAMPLES ARE:
05
ALMANACS
06
WEBSITES
07
ENCYCLOPEDIA
08
LIBRARY COURSE PAGES

8/11/2019 39
 TERTIARY SOURCES

PubMed Cochrane International

Library Pharmaceutical
Abstracts

8/11/2019 40
 TERTIARY SOURCES

PPD Better Access

Pharmacy Medicine

8/11/2019 41
 TERTIARY SOURCES

Access
Pharmacy

8/11/2019 42
 PUBMED

Free database from the National Library of Medicine. Includes links to full
text including about 30% of articles published in the last five years.
Contains over 25 million citations to biomedical articles. One of over 110
freely available databases from the National Library of Medicine.
8/11/2019 43
8/11/2019 44
 COCHRANE LIBRARY

Medical indexing or full-text database that provide systematic

reviews, controlled trials, methodology register, reviews of effects, health
technology assessment and economic evaluations. Cochrane Systematic
Reviews are considered the gold standard in Evidence Based Practice. 45
8/11/2019 46
 INTERNATIONAL
PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS

Pharmacy indexing database that

covers journal articles back to 1970.
8/11/2019 48
PHILIPPINE PHARMACEUTICAL DIRECTORY (PPD)

The Philippine Pharmaceutical Directory (PPD) is a comprehensive listing

of pharmaceutical drugs available in the Philippines. Annually reviewed
by a competent and highly technical editorial staff, PPD information is
accurate and up-to-date.
8/11/2019 49
PPD'S BETTER PHARMACY 18TH EDITION

Provides helpful guidelines and tips for pharmacists

and patients on common health conditions.
51
 ACCESS MEDICINE
Access Medicine from McGraw-Hill Medical
is a comprehensive online medical resource that
provides a complete spectrum of knowledge from the
best minds in medicine, with essential information
accessible anywhere.

Authoritative, trusted, and continuously

updated with optimized content for any mobile
device, Access Medicine is guided by a preeminent
Advisory Board that includes three of the medical
field’s top academic experts, Mark A. Graber, MD;
Diane Levine, MD; and Anderson Spickard, III, MD.
 ACCESS PHARMACY
AccessPharmacy® from McGraw-Hill
Medical is an online curricular resource designed to
meet the changing demands of pharmacy education.
A flexible resource, AccessPharmacy allows students
to select a core curriculum topic, browse by organ
system, review textbooks, search across leading
pharmacy online references and view optimized
content on a mobile device.