Scribd
Upload
20 views

Latest Research Process

The document outlines the 7 key steps of the research process: identifying a problem, formulating hypotheses, reviewing literature, planning the research design and procedures, conducting experiments, gathering and analyzing data, and formulating conclusions. It provides details on each step, including how to identify a problem, develop testable hypotheses, design an experiment, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions. Ethical standards for conducting research with human and animal subjects are also briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

Jade Felecio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views

Latest Research Process

The document outlines the 7 key steps of the research process: identifying a problem, formulating hypotheses, reviewing literature, planning the research design and procedures, conducting experiments, gathering and analyzing data, and formulating conclusions. It provides details on each step, including how to identify a problem, develop testable hypotheses, design an experiment, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions. Ethical standards for conducting research with human and animal subjects are also briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

Jade Felecio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

GOOD DAY EVERYONE!

Task 1
How do you like to greet your classmates?

2
MOTIVATION
RELAY ( WHISPERING OR ILLUSTRATING )
• MESSAGE RELAY:
“Student researchers, as well as adults who have a
role in their projects, are expected to maintain the
highest ethical standards.”
• IMAGE RELAY:
• MESSAGE RELAY:
“The guiding principles for the use of animals in
research includes the following “Four R’s”: Replace,
Reduce, Refine and Respect.”
• IMAGE RELAY:
REVIEW/RECAP
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS

1. 3.
2. 6. Data 7.
Identific Review 4. Planning Gathering,
Formulat of the 5. Organization, Formulat
ation of of
ion of Research Experim Processing, ion of
a Related Design and Analysis, and
Hypothe entation Interpretatio Conclusi
Literatur Procedure
Problem ses n on
e
IDENTIFICATION OF A PROBLEM
 A Research problem is a question that a researcher wants
to answer or a problem that a researcher wants to solve.
 A research problem is an issue or a concern that an
investigator/ researcher presents and justifies in a research
study.
 Identification and formulation of a research problem is the
first step of the research process.
 It is the most challenging & difficult phase of the research
process.
IDENTIFICATION OF A PROBLEM

• Generally a broad area is selected and then it is


delimited or narrowed down to a specific one sentence
statement of the problem.
• Selection of a research problem depends on several
factors such as researcher’s knowledge, skills, interest,
expertise, motivation & creativity with respect to the
subject chosen.
FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESES

• Begins with an assumption called HYPOTHESIS.


• Hypotheses are testable explanations of a problem,
phenomenon, or observation.
• An hypothesis is really a temporary explanation, a kind of
educated guess about what will happen under certain
conditions.
• Both quantitative and qualitative research involve
formulating a hypothesis to address the research problem.
FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS
• Types may include null hypothesis (H0)and alternative hypothesis (H1
or Hα)
• Express your hypotheses in a declarative sentence.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Literature is an oral or written record of man’s


significant experiences that are artistically
conveyed/expressed in a simple manner.
• Increases your understanding of the underlying
theories, principles, or concepts of your research.
• Allows you to obtain background knowledge of your
research.
PLANNING OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN AND
PROCEDURE
• Research design is a plan to answer your research question.
• A research method is a strategy used to implement that plan.
• A research design is a master plan specifying the methods and
procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed
information.
• Research design is a framework or blue print that plans the
action for the research project.
PLANNING OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN AND
PROCEDURE
• Research design and methods are different but closely
related, because good research design ensures that the
data you obtain will help you answer your research
question more effectively.
• By means of your research design, you are able to
make these aspects of your research clear: your
methods or techniques in finding answers to your
research questions and in collecting data.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
STAGES

Selection
Gathering
Formulati process Data
Research instrumen
on of Hypothes (control & Experime collection
objective t (type of
hypothesi is testing experime ntation and
s instrumen
s ntal analysis
t)
group)
EXPERIMENTATION

• The process of performing a scientific procedure,


especially in a laboratory, to determine something.
• In the scientific method, an experiment is an empirical
procedure that arbitrates competing models or
hypotheses.
• Researchers also use experimentation to test existing
theories or new hypotheses to support or disprove
them.
DATA GATHERING, ORGANIZATION, PROCESSING,
ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

• The researcher may explain how the data are gathered.


• Data are collected in many ways: observation, interview,
documentary analysis, research instruments like
questionnaire, tests and etc., use of 9-point Hedonic scale,
code, color, odor, flavor, taste, texture, strength,
measurements, durability, voltage output and etc.
COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA:
 In descriptive research, primary data can be obtained either
through observation or through direct communication with
respondents in one form or another or through personal
interviews.
COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA:
• These are already available i.e. they refer to the data
which have already been collected and analyzed by
someone else.
• Secondary data may either be published or
unpublished data. Researcher must be very careful in
using secondary data, because the data available may
be sometimes unsuitable.
DATA PROCESSING

• is a means of converting information either manually or by


machines into quantitative and qualitative forms use in
research analysis.
• It consists of three (3) basic steps: categorization, coding
and tabulation of data.
DATA ORGANIZATION
DATA ANALYSIS
• Data analysis may be defined as an examination of data
or facts in terms of quantity, quality, attribute, trait,
pattern, trend, relationship among others so as to answer
research questions which involve statistical techniques
and procedures.
• Basis for claims or conclusions.
DATA INTERPRETATION
FORMULATION OF CONCLUSION

• Conclusion is a type of inferential or interpretative


thinking that derives its validity, truthfulness, or
reasonableness from your sensory experience.
• In your research work, your next move after analyzing
the data you have gathered is drawing conclusions.
• Conclusions drawn are derived from factual data, and
are results of logical thinking rather than an assumption
or prediction.
QUIZ

You might also like